French

This course examines the definition of propaganda and the persuasion of the masses in the contemporary world. It relies on several disciplines (history, communication, sociology, political sciences, social psychology, art history, and neuroscience) and puts into perspective the evolution of propaganda and persuasion from the "age of paper" through the "digital age." Students analyze a multitude of platforms (text, fixed images, animated images, sound, objects, and monuments) by using both a theoretical and empirical approach. Along with a methodology of writing and presentation, this course explores critical analysis in a global perspective and techniques of forming public opinion.

This tutorial course focuses on Francophone literature. It discusses two novels centered around the idea of laughter and irony, as well as excerpts from critical texts and other short literary works.

This course studies the theories and concepts of Judaism. It examines its principal texts and practices as the literature and customs of this religion serve as a gateway to understanding its fundamental philosophical structure.

This course uses political history, political law, and political science to understand the current political life in France within the constitutional context and institutional practices. The course questions representative democracy and what happens when the rules of electoral competition change but the presidential power stays the same, or is strengthened. The course takes three views: the path of the law or the referendum of the cumulative terms; the evaluation of the law or State of Emergency; and the ethics of politics including the laws of October 11, 2013 and September 15, 2017. The course provides an opportunity to understand the function of political actors by role-playing in the form of a parliamentary debate. Through this exercise, it measures the importance of texts by an article of the three Constitutional ideals: European, a Sixth Republic, and a Federal State.

This course discovers the main aspects of contemporary ethical philosophy. In part, it achieves this through lectures, with a systematic presentation of the broad options and methods of contemporary ethics. The course also employs an interactive examination of a series of broad questions around applied ethics, in areas as diverse as climate and environmental ethics, sexual ethics, war ethics, business ethics, and bioethics.

This course examines the main historical events of the region from the beginning of the 19th century. It covers the various controversies surrounding the population of the sub-continent and analyzes the formation of large pre-Columbian civilizations. This part of the course explores the population that preceded the Tawantinsuyu in the Andres and the Empire of the Triple Alliance in Mexico, often dismissed in the analysis. It examines the consequences of the arrival of the Spanish and the Portuguese by considering the large events of the "Conquest" and colonization.