French

This course uses a regional approach to highlight the main areas of conflict on the African continent. Using a reading grid based on an understanding of the spatial logics of actors in conflict, drawn from both history and the analysis of very contemporary phenomena and current events, this course differentiates between types of space and isolates their more or less belligerent characteristics. Drawing extensively on geography and the sociology of actors (polemology), this geopolitical analysis of the African continent uses methodological tools such as cartography and satellite imagery, as well as numerous readings, to review all of the continent's conflict zones. Examples highlight the use of geopolitical reasoning by political, military, and humanitarian decision-makers, as well as by economic players.

This course studies the popular forms of literature that existed between the 16th and 18th centuries and how historical events invented stylistic choices as well as choices in medium. The 16th century focuses on the birth of the Renaissance, the poetry written then, and how prose became a bigger medium for fiction instead of just scholarly journals. The 17th century introduces the Jacobean era of the influence of Shakespeare's works. The 18th century introduces us to the "modern novel" to explore the era of Romanticism and how it began, the stylistic choices that embody it, and how society in Europe reflected or rejected its core ideals.

This course is designed for students interested in the environmental, economic, climate, and geopolitical issues of the global ocean. Addressing the themes of environment, maritime economy, climate issues and governance, it considers the characteristics and tensions of the current ocean world and measures the challenges facing the international community.

This advanced course improves communicative skills in oral French. It consists of 3 parts: listening comprehension, oral production, and phonetics. Listening comprehension involves listening and analysis of various and relatively long documents. Oral production includes expressing oneself on complex topics in a clear and well-structured way. Phonetics focuses on sound recognition, pronunciation exercises, and reading. The course develops French oral skills to reach a C1 level (comprehension, production). It provides an opportunity to practice the French language in a relaxed atmosphere, without fear of making mistakes.

This course is designed for beginners with at least one semester of university-level French to acquire the linguistic and communicative skills at a beginning intermediate level. Content covered includes reading, writing, oral and written comprehension, speaking, grammar, and vocabulary. Although all skills are worked on, the emphasis is put on speaking and interaction. Drawing on a wide range of materials, including audio and video documents, learners are gradually introduced to the structures that are necessary for communication and then use these linguistic tools in written and oral form.