University of Iceland

The course focuses on the study of sediments and sedimentary rocks, erosion, transport processes and accumulation of sediments, and sedimentary facies and facies associations. Emphasis is placed on linking practical work and lectures. Exercises are conducted in the field and in the laboratory. Students are taught to log sedimentary sections and to map sediments and sedimentary rocks, to take samples, and perform basic sedimentological analyses of physical properties in the lab.

The course deals with the connection between Man and Nature from the viewpoint of Moral Philosophy. It discusses the main proponents of and theories within Environmental Ethics and describes the roots of differing views of Nature, as well as different ethical orientations, i.e. anthropocentric, ecocentric, and biocentric positions. The course also deals with the integration of environmental and developmental issues, and with the connection between environmentalism and democracy. Amongst central issues discussed are the following: Can Ethics provide guidance in the solution of environmental problems? What type of beings are worthy of moral considerability? Can natural phenomena possess intrinsic value? Do animals have rights? Is there any fundamental difference in men's and women's relations to Nature? What is the ethical basis of sustainable development?

The subject of the course is active tectonic movements with emphasis on processes currently active in Iceland. Theory of plate tectonics, plate velocity models, both relative and absolute. Elastic and ductile behaviour of rocks in the crust and mantle. Brittle fracturing. Plate boundary deformation. Rifts and rifting structures. Transcurrent faulting and associated structures. Earthquakes and faulting. Measuring crustal movements, GPS-geodesy, levelling, SAR-interferometry, tilt- and strainmeters. A one-day field project is carried out in an active area. Additionally, one day field trip to the plate boundary areas of SW-Iceland. This course is only for exchange students.

The course introduces foreign students to Icelandic folk culture past and present: from the folk beliefs implied by the Icelandic sagas to the famous collection of folk tales concerning "hidden people", elves, magicians, seal-folk, ghosts and more which was published by Jón Árnason in 1862-64; the ballads and music enjoyed by the people in the countryside; and the beliefs, behavior, and lifestyles encountered by the somewhat dumbfounded and awe-inspired early foreign travelers to Iceland during the last century. Students are introduced to modern Icelandic traditions and beliefs, from the Christmas men to the "elf stones" that road builders avoid, to the eating of sheep heads, and the continual interest in the supernatural. 

The course covers the various events and processes that can create natural hazards. The concept of natural hazard is defined and the history of this important field in the various natural sciences is examined. The physical causes and processes of various natural hazards are discussed. Ongoing climate change is discussed as a form of hazard, as well as the links between climate change and various weather- and climate-related events. The role of Icelandic Meteorological Office in research and monitoring of natural hazard is discussed.

The course familiarizes students with the Devanagari script and sounds. Students learn the structured but user-friendly content for basic communication in the Hindi language. For this course, extensive use of audio-visuals is made and the approach is primarily interactive. 

The course provides an introduction to the study of lake sediments, commonly used methods, and inferences derived from lake-sediment analyses. Characteristics of lake sediments, abiotic and biotic components of lake sediments, and the response of lake systems to environmental and climate change are discussed. Practical analyses include initial lake-sediment description, smear-slide analysis, common sample-treatment methods, and the separation, documentation, and identification of macro- and microscopic organic remains. Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on lake sediments are demonstrated. 

During the Viking Age, Northmen streamed out of Scandinavia, travelling far and wide across and around Europe, and to Constantinople and the Caspian Sea in the east. A vast amount of diverse source material, written and archaeological, bears witness to the Scandinavian expansion and conveys a multitude of roles in which they engaged, e.g. terrifying raiders, peaceful traders, or mercenaries.

The objective of this course is to examine the geographical expansion of vikings, and their interrelations with different cultures, and how this comes across in the source material. At the end of the course students are expected to have a thorough overview of the main events of the period, and a good idea on the relevant geographies and cultures, as well as a grasp on comparing different viking communities in different regions.

The course familiarizes students with India’s topographical, linguistic, and cultural heritage. Given the diversity of the subject, this course will only be giving an overview. Topics include an overview of India’s physical profile, tangible sites and intangible elements inscribed on UNESCO’s world heritage list, Indian music, major dance forms, and yoga.

This course covers the topic of climate change from several angles. Starting with the basic evidence and science behind climate change and modeling of future scenarios, then through impacts and vulnerability to efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Issues such as climate refugees, gender aspects, and negotiations are addressed. Students taking this course generally have very different backgrounds and students have a chance to learn about climate change from different viewpoints.