English

The course discusses big picture questions about the purpose and defensibility of law—for example, scrutinizing the obligation to obey the law, the justification of punishment, and the circumstances in which we can engage in civil disobedience. The course examine a variety of philosophically interesting legal questions. An indicative list includes: When should a court consider something proven? How should the law use algorithms? Should we defer to juries or professional judges? Does it make sense to treat a corporation as morally responsible? Throughout the course, students explore the connection between legal philosophy and other areas of philosophy—especially moral philosophy, political philosophy, and epistemology.  

This course covers basic design theories and form construction techniques required for three-dimensional forms and functions. Topics include basic shape elements and principles that consist of form and shape, and practical methodology of creating form, function and aesthetics. Students acquire basic form-giving abilities as industrial designers by learning design materials and the characteristics of form composition. 

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the key contemporary issues in global economics and the leading models deployed by global economics institutions such as the WTO, United Nations, IMF and World Bank, as well as by global companies.

This course examines competing hypotheses on the role of geography, institutions, and culture for long-term economic growth and cross-country differences in economic outcomes. It also studies the role of religion (and religiosity) for accumulation of human capital and economic progress. Finally, the course analyzes how cultural distance may affect migrants’ assimilation and it studies how local culture and institutions shape technological progress and inflows of innovative ideas. 
Themes discussed include: The Role of Geography for Economic Growth and Development; The Role of Institutions for Economic Growth and Development; The Role of Culture for Economic Growth and Development; The beginning of modern economic growth: geography, institutions, and culture; The Interaction between Culture and Institutions; Flows of Technology and Flows of Ideas; The Economics of Religion; Diversity, migration, and assimilation. 

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This course explores fundamental questions on law: What is the nature of law? What is the relation between law and morality or other norms? What is justice? The course critically analyzes selected readings and discusses the key questions in the philosophy of law.

Pollution prevention solutions are attractive both to society in general and to industry but require knowledge in the fields of processes, products, and management in modern business organizations. The course explores solutions that use technical as well as managerial tools and methods. The course reviews the key aspects of process integrated environmental protection, including technical strategies to increase efficiency in water- energy- and material flows (exploring methods such as monitoring, maintenance, cleaner technology, process modification, on-site recycling, good housekeeping) and environmental management (including supply chain management and an introduction to current environmental management standards such as ISO 14000). Product related issues constitute a central part of the course looking into life cycle analysis, eco-design, and eco-labeling. The course also takes a wider perspective at industrial development and the engineer’s role and responsibility to work with industry to reduce environmental impacts. The course consists of lectures in combination with seminars, exercises, and a major assignment.

The course provides a precise and accurate treatment of introductory probability theory, statistical ideas, methods, and techniques.  Topics covered are data visualization and descriptive statistics, probability theory, random variables, common distributions of random variables, multivariate random variables, sampling distributions of statistics, point estimation, interval estimation, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, nonparametric tests, goodness-of-fit, and independence tests. 

The course offers critical reflection on the design and evaluation of public policies from the perspective of moral and political philosophy. To this end, students learn a range of theories and concepts that are used in policy evaluation. They evaluate them by focusing on specific policy proposals. 

Students are required to have attended the Heart and Lung Disease course and to have achieved an adequate level of proficiency in the subject. At the end of the course, students will be able to:
- Describe in depth the indications for surgical intervention, the main surgical techniques, and the expected outcomes in the correction of congenital and acquired heart defects in both pediatric and adult patients.
- Apply the theoretical knowledge to real or simulated clinical cases, identifying the most appropriate surgical approach based on the pathology and clinical context.
- Critically evaluate the indications, risks, and benefits of different surgical options, developing sound clinical judgement in a multidisciplinary setting.
- Communicate clearly with peers and instructors, using appropriate terminology to discuss procedures, risks, and outcomes related to cardiothoracic surgery.
- Demonstrate the ability to identify reliable sources and begin developing an independent learning approach to stay informed about advances in cardiothoracic surgical techniques and guidelines.