University of Bordeaux

This course explores cultures of the French-speaking countries of the south (Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa), in their plural identities and their universes of reference, in order to better understand them. It studies literary texts and the analysis of films and audiovisual documentaries. Writers from these French-speaking countries accompany readers in discovering the other through literary strategies that prepare for the reception of difference. The course offers readings that will be like intercultural adventures in which the literary technique of the child narrator-character is decisive.

This course focuses on language rights as legal benchmarks for managing linguistic diversity, particularly in contexts marked by a high and unfair multilingualism. From a human rights perspective, it highlights how use of language or language preferences by government authorities, individuals, and other entities impacts protected individuals or minority groups who would otherwise be discriminated against or marginalized by the respective majorities.

This course covers the theorems usually used for numerical sequences and real functions, and their proofs. It discusses the main idea behind the construction of the integral in Riemann's sense, as well as how to write proofs, use the various notions, and independently study a numerical sequence or a given function. Topics include numerical sequences: theorems of monotonic convergence, adjacent and Cauchy sequences, notions of adherence values, upper/lower bounds and the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem; local behavior of a function: theorems of extension by continuity and sequential characterization of continuity, applying this characterization to the limit of recurring sequences (a result accepted in advanced math), calculating derivatives, the Taylor-Young theorem, and the limited developments of reference functions, calculating limited developments to find limits and relative positions of curves; global behavior of a function: restoring and using the theorems of intermediate values, Heine, bijection, local extrema, Rolle and finite increments, Taylor with integral remainder and Taylor-Lagrange; Riemann integral: retaining the guiding idea behind the construction of the integral in the Riemann sense, demonstrating general results on the integral of functions, calculating integrals using primitives, integration by parts or change of variables, using the notion of comparison between Riemann integral and sum.