Lund University

This interaction between actors in the energy market creates opportunities to use energy more efficiently and reduces the environmental impact of the energy system. It is therefore important to be able to understand the limitations and possibilities of the components and to optimize their usage within the energy system. This course provides engineering expertise regarding energy processes and components within energy systems, and provides the tools needed to argue, judge, and evaluate possible solutions. Prior knowledge of thermodynamics is required.

The course presents the essence of statistical mechanics, starting from a microscopic description of matter. This includes the central concept of entropy, the connection with thermodynamical quantities, and ​paradigmatic systems such as the ideal (quantum and classical) gases.

This course provides basic knowledge about gender, social change, and modernity in Sweden and Scandinavia, covering the period from the late 1800s up to the 1950s. It presents the development of some theoretical debates within this field. The course explores Scandinavian political, social, feminist, and literary texts about gender, ethnicity, and sexuality, and the development of women's rights in a historically changing society. Research regarding women's rights, Scandinavian cultural expressions, and the mechanisms of intolerance and xenophobia from the late 1800s to the 1950s are presented. Central issues about gender, ethnicity, sexuality, social change, and modernity in Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia are compared with international development. The course is mainly intended for international students who wish to acquire knowledge of the Swedish and Scandinavian societies from a gender perspective but is also open to all other students at Lund University.

The course provides an introduction to the phenomenon of globalization from archaeological and historical perspectives. Topics covered include conditions and driving forces for the globalizing processes, the exchange patterns of the “pre-European” world, the European expansion from the 15th century, cultural encounters and hybridity, merchant capitalism and the East India trade, slavery and plantations, and the life of the non-articulate groups of humanity. Special emphasis is on ecological globalization and the threat to the global heritage caused by climate change.

The course consists of three modules, two theoretical parts (written examination and individual project) of 7.5 credits together, and a practical part of 7.5 credits (field exercises, laboratory sessions, species knowledge exam). The first part of the course includes the physical and chemical properties of water, species in the different organism groups and relationships in and between populations and their environment. Effects of human impact on aquatic ecosystems are discussed. During the second part of the course field trips to different aquatic habitats typical for southern Sweden are conducted, where the relationships between abiotic conditions and the adaptations of organisms are studied. Samples for analysis of water chemistry, microorganisms as well as plant and animal communities are collected and analyzed in the laboratory. During the practical work (carried out in project groups) the students acquire experience of the most important field and laboratory methods and knowledge of the characteristics of different aquatic environments. During the final the part of the course the students carry out an individual project. The assignment is to define a subject, search for scientific literature, write a report, give an oral presentation and receive and give feedback to fellow students.