Environmental Studies

This course introduces an anthropological study of nature-culture relations, illustrating its potentials and problems with reference to diverse topics in contemporary environmental politics. During the first half, it introduces prevalent and alternative approaches to understand nature-culture relations, covering key concepts and theories. The second half is dedicated to investigations of seven key environmental issues, including: climate change and energy politics, geoengineering, biodiversity conservation, animals, food, waste, and environmental health. 

Environmental questions have been at the heart of Geography's disciplinary identity for the last century or more. The course introduces some of the questions that geographers have sought to tackle, at the same time as drawing out some of the key issues for environmental politics and policy.  How we make sense of nature matters not only for the kind of environment we want to be a part of, but also for our sense of the political possibilities within the world.  Articulating a position within such debates has been the central task of society-environment geographers for much of the discipline's existence and is the focus in this series of lectures.

This course considers current climate events and case studies in tandem with theoretical concepts and indicators. Topics include the ongoing debates and central concepts of green-growth; understanding the current climate crisis and its relationship with capitalism; faults with using GDP to measure development; international economic relations pertaining to the environment; how to collectively govern natural resources; theories and principles of political instruments to regulate the economy and the environment; and how to transition away from fossil fuels. 

This course discusses current environmental problems and their solutions. In addition, the course deals with related pedagogy and teaching materials.

At the end of the course students should have gained:

• knowledge of geographical diversity in Europe and the way in which this is subject of policy-making on the level of states, regions and the EU;
• insight in the functioning of organisations and actors on several levels within the European arena on behalf of local and regional interest;
• experience in analysing, reporting and discussing EU policy within the scope of distinct scales and geographical diversity.

Content

European Integration is a complex process, with many stakeholders involved. A couple of years ago an increasing number of authors expected a collapse of the EU, due to many challenges. We witnessed the effects of the  major financial crisis in the EU that started in 2008, and the almost collapse of the Eurozone. In 2015 the influx of asylum seekers was another challenging topic for the EU. A major divide has become visible (again): between the Northern and the Southern part of the EU, between the old and the new member states in Central and Eastern Europe.
Recently, some of the aforementioned authors, changed their mind and are more positive. More integration seems to take place, forced by external circumstances (like the changing position of the US and China in the world order and the war in Ukraine), and the need to have a more common Climate Policy. But still, it is difficult to reach consensus, and discussions continue.
Perhaps the main reason for the current EU crisis is (geographical) diversity. Many say that further integration is not possible without a political union. But a stronger political union would mean deeper integration, meaning that member states should give up more sovereignty and hand over power to Brussels.
The EU is therefore at a crossroad. How have we reached this point, and what are the further possible steps: that is the mean focus of our course. But we will always relate European integration to the geography and the diversity of Europe. There are many geographical dimensions of the Integration Process. We will focus on the following questions:

• What was the effect of European integration on regional differentiation in the EU? Is EU membership in general ‘good’ for economic and regional development?
• How successful were/are regional funds?
• What are the (geographical) limits of enlargement?
• What were the causes of the euro crisis, and were the problems related to the Monetary Union fixed?
• How to deal with migration and asylum seekers? What could be the design of a common Asylum and Migration Policy?
• What are the pros and cons of the Common Agricultural Policy?
• What are the effects of BREXIT?
• What are the challenges of the EU Climate- and Energy policy?
• What are the effects of the war in Ukraine?

During the course we try to explain the backgrounds of all these problems and dimensions, and will discuss the future of European Integration.
There will be lectures and exams, and several debates to discuss the major EU policies. A major component of this courses are debates, with role-playing. Groups of four students take the role of one member states.