English

The course provides an in-depth study of the regulation of the energy sector from an international, European, and Norwegian perspective. Energy law covers the regulation of and access to energy resources, energy markets - both physical and financial - and the regulation of energy use. For the purpose of this course, energy law is understood in the broad sense of the term, and both oil, gas and electricity are covered. The four stages of production, transport, supply and consumption are included, with a focus on upstream and midstream activities. The course is structured in four parts. Part I provides an introduction to the general legal concepts and principles applicable to energy activities, such as: sovereignty over natural resources, jurisdiction delimitation, ownership and exploitation models, and resources management mechanisms. Part II reviews the key components of the Norwegian model for the regulation of upstream oil and gas activities, including the licensing system, the Joint Operation Agreement, the coordination of petroleum activities at field level through unitisation and joint development, the regime for upstream gas transportation and third party access. It also covers the environmental regulation of petroleum activities. Part III is dedicated to the regulation of electricity generation (hydropower and other sources, onshore and offshore) and transmission/distribution in Norway as well as connection to the European market. This parts includes a review of the applicable European Union (EU) energy market legislation and its implementation in Norway through the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement. Part IV deals with energy trading, both upstream gas sales and wholesale electricity trading, with a review of relevant EU/EEA competition rules, internal energy market legislation and commercial practices in Norway and on the Nordic power market. Supply and energy consumption aspects are covered to a more limited extent.

This course discusses how languages are related to one another and how they change over time. It provides familiarization with reconstruction and the comparison method, as well as the importance of analogy in the shaping of language histories. The course gives an introduction to descriptive and theoretical aspects of historical linguistics, covering phonetic, phonological, morphological and syntactic change with data from European and non-European languages.

This course examines the evolutionary origins and psychological mechanisms underlying human behavior, including social relationships, kinship, mating, parenting, cooperation, aggression, status, and culture.

We re-examine core topics in social psychology through the lens of evolutionary theory to develop a big-picture understanding of the adaptive nature of who we are. The focus is on building a strong foundational knowledge in evolutionary psychology, and continually asking why people think and behave the way they do.

Topics include Principles of Evolutionary Theory, The Science of EP: How to Think about It and How to Do It, Survival, Sex Differences, Mating Psychology, Public Controversies, Parenting, Kinship, Cooperation, Aggression, Status & Hierarchy, Development & Individual Differences, Psychological Extensions, and Evolutionary Medicine. 

Prerequisite: Social Psychology

This course offers an in-depth exploration of the major debates, key thinkers, and intellectual trajectories in feminist thought. Through close engagement with both classic and contemporary texts, we examine feminist critiques of liberalism, capitalism, and the state, as well as theories of gender, sexuality, race, and embodiment.

The course also introduces alternative theoretical frameworks, including care ethics, intersectionality, and decolonial/postcolonial feminisms. Throughout the semester, we critically examine the conceptual foundations of feminist theory while considering how these frameworks can be applied to contemporary politics and social practice.

Drawing on behavioral science concepts and theories, this course examines topics including job analysis, manpower planning, recruitment, training and development, performance management, compensation and motivation, benefit, employee relations, and employee security and safety. It explores how human capital is an essential resource in organizations and how identifying, attracting, recruiting, retaining, and motivating human capital is critical for organizational success. 

This course introduces embodiment theory and practice in arts education. Taking a praxial approach, where theory informs practice and reflection to create new understandings, the course encourages engagement with and reflection on the principles of embodied pedagogy and their implications for teaching and learning through the arts. Embodiment conceptualizes learning as a process not limited to the thinking brain, but one that is situated in the body and activated through presence, experience and reflection-in-action. An embodied approach to pedagogy can help learners access knowledge beyond words, which is particularly beneficial for students who find verbal language challenging, exploring engagement through movement, imagination, emotions and creativity. The course considers embodiment from an inclusive perspective, covering areas such as embodiment and multilingualism, embodiment in forced migration educational settings, and embodiment in the context of learning and intellectual disabilities.

This course examines some basic notions and techniques of number theory. It focuses on such topics as divisibility, prime numbers, the arithmetic of residues rings, additive properties of integers and their powers and Diophantine approximations. Some applications of number theory to cryptography will be discussed as well. Students taking this course will develop an appreciation of the basic problems of number theory and will learn the interplay between number-theoretic problems and other areas of mathematics.

This module provides a general understanding of the history of tourism and history of infrastructures from the 15th to the 19th century, using primary sources and in particular travel accounts by foreign travelers in Italy. The course covers the following topics; pilgrimage, practices of travel between the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, travel infrastructures, Humanism and Renaissance: tourism before tourism, the birth of modern tourism, Venice as a case study, travel diaries and travel accounts, and spas and the birth of contemporary tourism. A section of the module (6 hours) will be dedicated to British travelers in Italy in the 16th-17th century, with a particular focus on the eclectic English architect Inigo Jones and his influence on the British and American cultural contexts and beyond.  

This course covers sports and their impact on Chinese society with special focus on the role of sports in China's search for national identity and internationalization. It provides an in-depth understanding of Chinese society, popular culture, and politics. Students learn how the Chinese have interacted with different peoples from the rest of the world in international games such as the Olympics and the Football World Cup. The course helps examine how different peoples, nations, and governments have responded to sports, how the Chinese turned sports into vehicles for both nationalism and internationalism, how Chinese governments in different stages and periods have linked sports to their political legitimacy, and how sports serve as tools for nation building, expressions of national identity and national honor or personal freedom in China. By examining the role of sports in Chinese society, students gain valuable contextual understanding to better explain culture and politics and better understand China, its society, and its positions in the world.

This course offers an introduction to the history of women in medieval Islamic societies (600 - 1500 AD), through their experiences and representations in art and literature. The course aims at finding the boundaries that divided the worlds of women and men in the economic, legal, and spiritual spheres. It does so by looking at a variety of texts, including the Qur'an, Prophetic traditions, marriage contracts, travelers' accounts, and the tales of the Arabian Nights. By comparing sources from diverse cultural perspectives, students consider the development of a cultural, economic, legal, and spiritual female identity in the Middle Ages, and critically examine medieval and modern discourses on women and Islam.