French

This course represents additional work for the course FR 124, FRANCOPHONE CULTURE AND LITERATURE. This course offers an introduction to Francophone cultures by discovering a space of the Francophonie and its components (society, culture, language, history, geography). The work is done from the reading of a literary work in the program. Excerpts from the work are studied in class and illuminated by various documents such as videos, songs, texts, and authentic documents. In this course students discover a region of the Francophonie, learn about francophone literature, develop language skills through literary study, and study documents of various types and how to present them.

This course serves as an introduction into the francophone literature of Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses a history of francophone literature through the study of two genres: poetry and novel. The first half of the course focuses on the poetry of the négritude movement, reading works from Senghor and Césaire. The second half of the course focuses on novels such as Cheikh Hamidou Kane's L'AVENTURE AMBIGUE, Yambo Ouologuem's LE DEVOIR DE VIOLENCE, and Henri Lopes's LE CHERCHEUR D'AFRIQUES. This course discusses topics such as identity through the lens of francophone literature and explores the question of the connection between literature and socio-historical context. 

This course covers the basics of viticulture and grape production. It discusses the choice and adaptation of plant material according to the soil and climate environment, product objectives, and regulations; monitoring health status, choosing treatments, and establishing the treatment schedule; strategic choices for vineyard management and improvement; and using all the data acquired to carry out a case study of vineyard management and improvement. 

This course concerns the modification of cultural practices to produce wine products in organic and biodynamic agriculture. It covers regulatory aspects and certification, the biological and physiological impact of organic and biodynamic viticultural practices, cultural aspects of the implementation of certification and conversion period, biodynamic principles, and specific viticultural practices. The course also discusses the economics of the organic, natural, and biodynamic wine market, and the economic impact of the conversion. Additional topics include vinification and conservation without sulfur dioxide, microorganisms in the context of organic wine production, ecology, and diversity. Finally, the course discusses regulations, practices, experiences, and constraints of organic agriculture. 

This course focuses on the different forms of live performance and their relationship to socio-historical contexts to construct a definition of what a live performance is through the study of five plays and a ballet. Works studied include Pierre Corneille'S LE CID (1636), Molière's L'ECOLE DES FEMMES (1662), Victor Hugo's HERNANI (1830), and Igor Stravinsky's LE SACRE DU PRINTEMPS (1913).

The course presents cinema auteurs, with a particular focus on Raymond Depardon, to examine diverse themes and art mediums.

The health crisis and rising trade tensions between the United States and China have revealed that France has become dependent on imports for a number of essential goods and services. Why have Alstom, the critical supplier to our nuclear power plants, Alcatel, the mobile phone manufacturer, and Idemia, the leader in digital identity, come under foreign control? This course examines the factors that lead companies that are strategic to French economic sovereignty to relocate their activities or be bought out by foreign players. It examines theoretical concepts relating to industrial sovereignty, studies French public policies aimed at protecting strategic companies, looks at case studies, and engages in discussions with speakers.

Through a multifaceted approach, this methodological workshop imparts an effective methodology and knowledge to apprehend the reading of political philosophy texts as a genuine interpretative experience. By focusing on famous philosophical texts, it studies the way in which argumentation is constructed and logical, articulated reflection is conducted. This methodological and practical approach focuses on providing the tools needed to understand a text properly: identifying arguments, dialectical procedures, and the use of examples. The temporal and geographical variation of the texts also provides an understanding that any reading of political philosophy is necessarily situated, inscribed in a here and now, which instructs us on the meaning of the text and enriches our understanding of it. Finally, the course cross-references the interpretations that the texts may elicit. From this point of view, the study of secondary sources offers a fresh, offbeat look at philosophical works.

This course focuses on the practical aspects of the automated processing of human languages. It develops knowledge of useful and logical aspects, as well as useful prototypes of the same nature. The course introduces the basics of the programming language Python.

This course compares interdisciplinary approaches to economics (sociology, history, political science, business) through the study of a specific object: consumption. It highlights the contributions of each of these perspectives to underline their specificity. It also considers how they can be combined to produce a more complete and realistic representation of consumption, and through it, of our society. After a presentation of the main viewpoints and narratives on consumption, thematic sessions cross-reference these viewpoints on a variety of subjects and issues including quality, choice, credit and money, fashion, overconsumption, and addiction.