France

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental functions of analog, digital, and mixed-signal electronics. It emphasizes the modular design of electronic systems and the role of basic functional blocks in modern applications. Topics include digital functions such as counters, registers, and multiplexers; analog functions such as integration, addition, subtraction, and modulation; and mixed functions including multiplexing, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital-to-analog conversion. It also studies functional and timing diagrams, as well as spectral concepts such as sampling and frequency multiplexing. Practical applications are explored in the context of measurement systems and sound transmission technologies, with a particular focus on telecommunications and mobile devices.

This course focuses on grammar, including analysis of sentence structure, pronouns, agreement, tenses, and modes; spelling, covering basic vocabulary and grammar through dictation; and written expression, written production, grammar spelling, vocabulary, and verbs.

This course introduces the issues surrounding water in terms of management, sustainable development, and resource protection. Lectures, tutorials, and practical work are taught in various fields: hydrology, hydrogeology, mass transfer, and drilling. The water cycle is analyzed in detail through its different processes and associated mechanisms, with the goal of establishing hydrological and material budgets for the study of watersheds. A case‑study project is carried out during the semester, allowing students to put theory into practice and to develop an initial methodological and scientific approach in preparation for a future professional or research career. In hydrogeology, the basic principles are taught regarding flows, aquifers, and associated groundwater bodies.

This course introduces the quantitative treatment of marine and oceanographic data, with a focus on selecting, implementing, and interpreting numerical analyses suited to common oceanographic sampling strategies and experimental designs. It also covers the essential principles and techniques of signal processing as applied to marine environmental datasets, enabling them to analyze, filter, and interpret complex oceanographic signals.

This course examines comparative politics through the prism of cities, analyzing how urban spaces both drive and reflect political and socio-economic transformations. Drawing on historical sociology, it reinterprets foundational political processes—such as the monopolization of violence and the construction of national authority—through the perspective of urbanization and state-city relations. The course explores diverse urban political traditions in Europe and around the world, comparing how historical and contemporary urban dynamics reshape political societies. Key topics include denationalization and decentralization, the rise of informality, extended urbanization, shifts in welfare provision and solidarity, the transformation of trust networks, and the political implications of environmental change. Throughout the semester, students read and are (re)introduced to the works of some of the main social scientists of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including Max Weber, Norbert Elias, Fernand Braudel, Saskia Sassen, Diane Davis, Charles Tilly, Shmuel Eisenstadt, and Michel Foucault.

This course examines the nature of insults as well as the linguistic and socio-historical implications of these statements. It considers the function of these enumerations in communication and the identity (social, religious, gender) of the person who insults as well as that of the preferred targets: what is stigmatized and to what extent the verbal attack that constitutes the insult touches on a society's taboos. It is clear from the examples studied that matters relating to sexuality and motherhood, and even the body, are highlighted: the round of medieval insults (and perhaps also that of "modern" insults) tells us about society's values and its power struggles. No prior knowledge of the language or literature of the Middle Ages is necessary. 

This anthropology/history course taught in Spanish focuses on civilizations in America from the 18th to the 20th century. It focuses on the economic, technological, and political developments that led to the conquest of America by European civilizations, specifically from the point of view of the Spanish Empire.  

This course introduces the key components of commercial sales management and their role in creating value for both the consumer and the company. It covers how to make coherent business decisions by understanding the interactions between the commercial department and other organizational functions.

The discovery of "The Seventh Art" of cinema can also take place through documentary cinema, which is not so much an “alternative cinema” as an art that is simply less visible. The course provides an opportunity to explore together—during the first half of the 20th century—this “alternative cinema” (G. Gauthier) or this “other side of cinema” (J. Breschand) in order to understand its definitions and evolution.

This course begins with an overview of France's relations with the Arab world, Islam and the Ottoman Empire, from the Crusades (11th-13th centuries) onwards. This is followed by a look at the colonial period (Maghreb in the 19th century), the Mandat period in the Levant (after the First World War); the reconstruction of the country after 1945 with the call for foreign labor; decolonization; and continued immigration. All these historical milestones are worth recalling to understand the contemporary period. The latter is characterized by the presence of different communities of Muslim origin, as well as by the complementarity/rivalry between the various currents of Islam in France. The obscure and polemical question of "islamo-gauchisme" is also addressed. In addition to theological and jurisprudential aspects, the presence and influence of Islam is addressed from a political standpoint: what external and foreign elements help determine Islam in France?