France

This course provides a solid overview of the law of international security, a set of rules regulating the maintenance and restoration of international peace and security, within which States and other actors exercise their policies, adopt decisions, and form mutual relations on the international scene. It covers international legal norms and to applies them to concrete cases in the world politics. The course sheds light both on the centralized international and decentralized regional levels of collective security mechanisms. In addition to the prerogatives of the United Nations, the role of the NATO, European Union, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, and Organization of American States is covered. It focuses on diverse measures aimed at the protection of international security, both involving and not involving the use of force (economic embargoes, targeted sanctions, interruption of diplomatic relations and, finally, the recourse to military force).

This course explores aspects of the English noun phrase, namely quantifiers, and aspects of the English verb phrase, i.e. modality. Text-based analyses enable students to acquire a better understanding of these particular areas of studies and become more proficient in translation.

This course takes the form of a tour of the city and the environment near the Maison des Arts. Beginning with architecture and covering portraits staged in various buildings from the 15th, 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, students create an urban alphabet book. Each session refers to two or three artists, photographers, or painters. Students learn to handle the device, exercise the gaze, and situate their work in relation to old or current references.

This course familiarizes students with Medieval French and Medieval Literature through a collection of poetic texts or a novel during the first semester and a collection of short stories in the second semester. This second-year class contains both linguistic and literary content. This course focuses on understanding the language, the construction, and the sense of each text to bridge the gap between medieval and modern French. The syntax, morphology, vocabulary, and translation are studied in order to understand Old French. Students analyze and comment on medieval French texts and are exposed to literary topics in the medieval lyric genres and their various contexts.

This course covers the regulation of translation, post-translational products, and transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm of these products, including all enzymes and cofactors involved in each process. Concepts are taught through the elaboration and discussion of research done in the field and papers are presented by both professors and students. All concepts are also evaluated in their role in cancer and other various pathologies.