France

This course presents the practice of contemporary archaeology research in the context of the practice of human sciences. It reflects on the study of materiality and its sources, concentrating on the practices central to the discipline; notably, the establishment of facts.

This course introduces students to critical approaches to international law and excavates the ideas and histories that help shape international law's subjects, categories, and boundaries. The course engages with critical theories (TWAIL, critical legal studies, Marxism) that challenge the narrative of international law as a universal and progressive project. This course consists of three parts which provide students with a foundation to reflect on both the limits and potential of international law. The first part of the course explores how colonialism helped produce international law's actors: the State, victim, perpetrator, and international community. The second part engages with non-legal discourses (narrative, mythology, emotion) to explore how these categories are sustained. The third part of the course investigates whether the discourse presents a crisis of imagination that makes alternative international engagements unthinkable.

This class covers the main routes of metabolism of sugars, lipids, and amino acids. Subjects include glycolysis, fermentation, oxidative decarboxylation; Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, and the biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids and triglycerides; roles of coenzymes, coupled with enzyme catalysts, and how they work; and enzymology and kinetics, focusing on rates of reaction for enzymes in metabolic reactions.

This is the first part of a two-semester course covering the period from the 15th and 17th centuries. It focuses on Renaissance and Baroque periods. Rather than the global and idealizing point of view, often confining to the "family novel" of the great heroic artists, it places greater emphasis on a whole series of problems, artistic and inartistic, considered as sensitive questions: problems of space, place of Antiquity, religious devotion, funerary practices, political images, mannerisms and bodily movements, and mannerism and technique. In other words, a history of forms and styles allows a deeper questioning of the profound inventiveness of the visual productions of the Renaissance and the Baroque age.

Using mainly law, sociology, and economics but also philosophy, literature, and psychology; and focusing on different actors such as states, societies, consumers, and banks; the course deals with current controversial issues such as the rising role of money, the global distribution of wealth, the erosion of monetary sovereignty, the legal challenges of alternative and stateless currencies, and the disruptive effects of cryptocurrencies on finance and banking industries. The course is divided into three parts: the origins and essence of money, the socio-economic and legal issues raised by money in today's society, and the current challenges coming from the rise of cryptocurrencies.