University of Commerce Luigi Bocconi

This course teaches students an understanding of human rights as embedded in specific historical circumstances, and looks at their codification in international law as the product of heated political debates and struggles. In order to do so, it articulates itself in three interlocking learning units. The 1st unit is historical: it traces the genealogy of the concept and focuses on the birth of the “human rights regime.” Unit 2 looks at specific cases and rights, and Unit 3 examines critical readings of human rights as an instrument for “Western hegemony,” or as inadequate in other ways. The course covers the historical development of human rights, civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, the right to health, women's rights, intervention, LGBTQ rights, and critiques of human rights. 

This course is separated into two parts, covering monetary and financial policies, and monetary policy and growth. At the end of the course, students are able to interpret the evolution of the economic situation on the basis of a plurality of macroeconomic frames, in order to use the knowledge acquired relating to the design of monetary and financial policies to maximize the usefulness of the information available, minimizing time and optimizing the use of one's energies; and better use two indispensable professional resources: logic and precision. Pre-requisites: macroeconomics and microeconomics. 

This course focuses on Deep Learning (DL), with an emphasis on recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP). It is structured into lectures that cover the fundamental concepts of the field, complemented by practical tutorials and exercises, where these concepts are further expanded and practically implemented through live coding sessions (mainly in Python). The course is organized along the following themes: Recap of Machine Learning (ML) fundamentals; Introduction to Neural Networks and the connectionist paradigm: from the perceptron to Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), universality theorems, the backpropagation algorithm, and principles of Neural Network design; The rise of Deep Learning: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), regularization techniques, and residual connections. Basics of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), attention mechanisms, and Transformers; Introduction to Natural Language Processing (NLP): text preprocessing, static and contextual word embeddings, language modelling, and neural approaches to text processing—from neural machine translation to modern large language models (LLMs). Course prerequisites: solid understanding of calculus, linear algebra, probability, and statistics, along with basic prior programming experience in Python.

The public sector is a crucial component of the business environment, as government decisions and activities impact the private sector and citizens’ daily lives. Public management has changed enormously in recent years due to reform initiatives in many countries. Furthermore, functions and activities that used to fall under the compass of the public sector are now performed by a variety of actors, including companies and NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations). In light of these changes, the primary purpose of this course is to introduce students to foundational concepts and current developments in the field of governance and public management. Throughout the course, students discuss and work on assignments that stimulate their understanding of the collective sphere, how we decide collectively, and how managerial techniques can be employed to deliver better public services. Students are also exposed to 'the public role of the private sector', i.e., a set of non-market strategies that are considered essential to succeed in the global competitive landscape. 

The course provides students with a solid understanding of how the economy functions at the aggregate level, equipping them with the analytical tools needed to interpret and evaluate macroeconomic conditions and policy decisions. By combining theoretical frameworks with real-world applications, the course develops students' ability to analyze contemporary macroeconomic developments from both national and international perspectives. Particular emphasis is placed on the role and effectiveness of fiscal, monetary, structural, and trade policies in addressing macroeconomic challenges, stabilizing economic fluctuations and fostering sustainable growth. The course strengthens students’ capacity to critically assess macroeconomic policies and their broader implications, skills essential for careers in economics, policymaking, finance, and international business. Prerequisites: The knowledge of the basic concepts covered in an introductory Microeconomics course is strongly recommended. The course also makes regular use of elementary mathematical tools and graphical analysis.

This course studies the conduct of monetary policy by central banks and its effects on the economy. After defining money and its functions, it compares monetary policy tools and institutions at different central banks. It then examines theory and empirical evidence related to the mechanisms through which policy actions are transmitted to the real economy. Then, it discusses the optimal design of monetary policy, developing a model of inflation targeting. Finally, it analyzes unconventional monetary policy developed during the recent financial crisis and the Covid recession. The course blends theory, empirics and institutional analyses. Prerequisites: familiarity with the basic concepts developed in introductory macroeconomics and microeconomics courses and with the fundamentals of differential calculus. 

By examining the origins, scale, and evolution of the creator economy, students see how digital content, platforms, and societal shifts converge to create new economic models. Studying platform dynamics reveals how network effects, algorithmic curation, and open infrastructures drive value creation and reshape distribution. Coverage of monetization strategies and personal branding highlights the balance between revenue and authenticity, equipping students to develop sustainable creator ventures. Exploring brand–creator collaborations and the economics of influence shows how influencer tiers, pricing benchmarks, and engagement metrics inform strategic decisions. Matching platforms and analyzing the creator economy’s disruption of traditional industries illustrate the competitive landscape and strategic repositioning required in sectors like fashion and media. Legal and regulatory challenges provide insight into compliance, intellectual property, and content moderation, essential for responsible practice. Finally, surveying emerging trends such as AI and Web3 encourages foresight on innovation, ethics, and decentralization. Overall, this course bridges economics, marketing, technology, and law to develop strategic decision-making skills, foster adaptability, and prepare graduates to navigate and shape the evolving creator-driven marketplace.

The ability of the natural environment to dispose the waste of anthropogenic activities (keeping unchanged degree of regeneration) is not infinite (downstream “scarcity”). This kind of “scarcity” justifies using the tools of economic theory to face environmental problems. In this regard, two circumstances should be adequately emphasized. Firstly, today the most important (at least perceived) environmental problem is climate change due to the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. Secondly, more than 80% of carbon emissions are due to energy production and consumption. As a consequence, fighting climate change requires to adequately study the interaction between energy and environmental issues with the aim to understand how to mitigate global warming through (but not only) the decarbonization of energy supply. The analysis of this interaction is the principal mission of this course. The course is divided into three parts: 1) The first part focuses on how economic theory can help policymakers to design environmental policies. The main environmental tools are described and analyzed (environmental taxation, emissions trading, standards, voluntary agreements, etc.); 2) the second part introduces the main energy markets (crude oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power and renewable energy). Great attention is dedicated to the perspectives of deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), their competitiveness and the possible supporting mechanisms (quantity, pricing and hybrid supporting mechanisms); 3) The third part focuses on the policies aimed to achieve the net zero emission target, especially at the EU level. 

This course emphasizes the pivotal role of data and innovation in transforming society, with a deep dive into the implications of data utilization and technological advances. It highlights the transformative power of AI in fostering innovation and societal change. Starting with an overview of innovation in service systems, with a particular focus on public services, the course offers a comprehensive curriculum that explores the foundational principles of AI technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing. Students will investigate how these innovations drive significant changes across various public sectors, including healthcare, urban development, education, arts and culture, and the operations of international organizations. Enhancing the learning experience, the course will feature guest speakers from diverse fields, providing firsthand insights into the challenges and successes of AI implementation. Additionally, case studies will be integrated throughout the course to offer real-world contexts for the concepts discussed, and on-site visits to organizations actively utilizing AI will give students practical exposure to the dynamics of AI in action. The course aims to equip students with the knowledge, analytical frameworks, and practical skills to: •Develop strategies that enhance service efficiency and value, particularly in the public context; •Create innovative solutions to societal issues using AI and Machine Learning.

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, businesses face both immense opportunities and significant challenges. The pervasiveness of digital channels and artificial intelligence is reshaping the business landscape, giving rise to innovative business models and transforming the way companies interact with their customers. The Digital Strategy course delves into the intricacies of this dynamic environment, equipping students with the knowledge and skills to navigate these transformative changes and thrive in the digital era. This course aims to deepen the evolution of policies and strategies for interaction with the market and innovation in the field of the digital economy. The main emerging business models and their management principles are analyzed, with reference both to players present exclusively online, whose main objective is to use the network to directly create value, as well as to companies that use the Web and mobile technology to enhance and complete their traditional activities, according to an intrinsically integrated strategic approach. In this perspective, the most recent developments in content management, gamification, metaverse, and digital products are explored. The courses features technology-enhanced lectures, guest speakers who will bring their real-world experience and expertise, case studies, and group work.