Lund University

The course covers sufficient statistics, factorization criteria, exponential families, Rao-Blackwells theorem, ancillary statistics, Cramér-Rao's bound, Neyman-Pearson's lemma, permutation test, and connection between hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. Asymptotic methods: maximum likelihood estimation, profile, conditional and penalized likelihood as well as hypothesis testing with likelihood ratio-, Wald- and score-method. Bayesian inference: estimation, hypothesis testing, and confidence interval and the difference compared to frequentist interpretation.

This course reviews the basic theory and understanding of the most important molecular genetic methods used in modern ecological and evolutionary research projects. The course is mainly based on practical learning through wet labs (DNA extraction, PCR, DNA sequencing) and computer exercises (editing of DNA sequences that you obtain during the course, phylogeny, and various programs for analysis of DNA sequences) and leads to mastery of different methods used to detect and analyze variation at gene, genome and protein levels within and between individuals, populations, and species. Emphasis is also placed on improving one's ability to assimilate and critically review scientific articles based on molecular genetic data and analyses. The course ends with a research project that is carried out in small groups.

The course deals with current interdisciplinary research on the origins of language. Focus is placed on the relationship between biological and cultural evolution and physiological and neural conditions for language from the perspective of evolution. Furthermore, the course addresses animal communication, experiments on language acquisition in primates and other animals, the relationship between mind and language and different hypotheses on the origins of language and evaluation of these on the basis of empirical evidence.

This course provides a sociological perspective on economic, social, and political processes, focusing especially on global social change and sustainable development. Students acquire the knowledge required to understand and critically examine the discussions pursued about the global social change that marks modernity, focusing especially on the post-war period. The course includes 4 modules: Classical and Modern Social Analysis; Contemporary Sociological Perspectives on Global Development; Global Sustainability and Environmental Sociology; and Social Sciences Methods.

The course has its starting point in yesterday's raw materials and describes the development of the petrochemical revolution to the chemical process industries of today. The course contains the following sections: historic development of the process industry, catalysis, common feedstocks in the process industry, refinery processes, production of organic and inorganic chemicals, specialty chemicals, biotechnical processes as well as paper and pulp production.

The course covers human psychological development from childhood to old age and methods used in research in development psychology. It describes theoretical perspectives on personality and related fields of application. The course consists of four modules, this is the second module: Youth Psychology. This module studies the psychological and biological development during adolescence and its relation to the surrounding environment. In view of the changed patterns of interaction within and outside the family, the studies also include the ability of the teenager to face challenges and stress factors, such as increased demands for independence and personal views.

The course comprises basic parts from rigid body mechanics as well as deformable body mechanics and strength of materials. In rigid body mechanics, both static and dynamic problems are treated. In statics, the equations of equilibrium are formulated from free body diagrams, and problems with concentrated as well as distributed forces are handled. The distributed forces come from applications in hydrostatics and the computation of centroids. The dynamics part of the course is based on the laws of Newton. Particle motion is described in linear and curvilinear coordinates and the equations of motion of the particle are established. Equivalent formulations based on the principles of preservation of energy and momentum are also treated. Examples of applications are taken both from daily life experiences such as climbing ladders, moving furniture, riding a bike or a rollercoaster, and technical applications from robotics and ballistics. In deformable body mechanics, the tensorial concepts of stress and strain are first defined. The relations between stress and strain, i.e. constitutive laws, for different materials are established and applications from the dimensioning of different simple construction elements (lines, rods, beams, and trusses) are treated. Important phenomena such as fatigue and fracture are also discussed.

What is a reasonable value for a derivative on the financial market? The course consists of two related parts. The first part looks at option theory in discrete time. The purpose is to introduce fundamental concepts of financial markets such as free of arbitrage and completeness as well as martingales and martingale measures. Tree structures to model time dynamics of stock prices and information flows are used. The second part studies models formulated in continuous time. The models used are formulated as stochastic differential equations (SDE:s). The theories behind Brownian motion, stochastic integrals, Ito-'s formula, measures changes, and numeraires are presented and applied to option theory both for the stock and the interest rate markets. Students derive e.g. the Black-Scholes formula and how to create a replicating portfolio for a derivative contract.