France

This course presents key aspects of contemporary French culture and civilization. The course examines topics including those pertinent to the functions of French society, such as political parties and unions, the idea of public service (teaching, health, transportation, etc.), the French population and culture, French values, and French media.

This course begins by taking a brief historical perspective in an attempt to see how all the fundamental questions of Brexit and the future of the relationship between the various nations of Great Britain came to such prominence in the last decade. It looks back to the formations of separate national identities across the British Isles, how the relations between them evolved, and how the various "unions" came about: by conquest, by assimilation, or by unification. The main focus of the course then moves onto the more contemporary debates, from the post-second world war period up to the present day.

This course covers how to choose pre-fermentation operations, assess the result, and determine and control any corrections to the harvest. It also discusses how to lead the transformation of grapes into wine depending on the type of product sought and regulatory and hygiene requirements; differentiate the production routes of traditional red wines; and differentiate the typicality.

This course provides both a first contact with the law and a critical reflection on it. It takes certain generalizations about the law that are often encountered in philosophy, politics, or economics, and shows that what may seem obvious is in fact more complex. Rather than presenting what the law is supposed to be or do, the course reveals its paradoxes by constructing problems dialectically. Course readings are chosen by preference from the corpus of philosophy and art (literature, cinema) to provide material for reflection and discussion that is common and interesting to all. It also addresses a few points of legal theory and technique to demonstrate the complexity of the issues and the difficulty of finding non-simplistic solutions. In all cases, the choice of texts demonstrates the diversity, even contrariness, of the opinions expressed and the theories elaborated, to avoid confirming unquestioned convictions.

This course provides a critical overview of the functioning of intergovernmental organizations, with a specific focus on their relevance, role, and contribution in the face of a shifting global landscape. Through a series of case studies and scenarios, it introduces the broad notion of multilateralism and how to identify legal issues, analyze problems, and formulate an informed perspective on intergovernmental organizations.

This course offers an introduction to the major questions in the history of modern and contemporary art in the West, based on a historical and artistic panorama ranging from the Renaissance to the end of the 19th century. It addresses several themes and questions, including what art history is; what roles figure, movement, and nature play in representation in the West; what an artist and an art critic is; what place the museum and the market occupy in our relationship to art; and what the terms "modern art" and "contemporary art" mean. The course identifies the descriptive and critical terminology developed in France and abroad to comment on artistic productions, as well as the history of terms within the art world. It also mobilizes the fields of general knowledge in art history and archaeology to document and interpret an artistic production and an archaeological object.

The focus of this course is twofold: firstly, to study the nature of representations and the impact they have on our society through philosophy, cinema, literature, and art; and secondly, to develop a critical analysis of the image through aesthetics, political theories, cultural studies, and the philosophy of humor. It analyzes different scenarios of the image in order to circumscribe its "field of action," in particular, to understand the motives behind the objects of the representation, the impact on the spectators, and the socio-political consequences that they generate. The course discusses how technology facilitates the spread of images in our society and mirrors, to a certain extent, our way of life. It considers how, as means of communication, images convey our personal and public experiences on a daily basis, captivate our attention, influence our perception of the world, and, if images are to be considered representations, contain aesthetic and political components. 

This course analyzes U.S. foreign policy, primarily through the prism of American military power. It provides an overview of the major issues at stake regarding U.S. international action in a fragmented world. The course is divided into three main parts, each of which addresses specific questions. The first part focuses on the evolution of U.S. foreign policy, from the end of the Second World War to the post-9/11 period. The second part examines U.S. international strategy in its ideological dimension, through the major debates that surround it. Finally, the last part looks at the practice of American foreign policy and its major geopolitical challenges, particularly with regards to Russia, the Middle East, and China.

This course practices the methodology of textual analysis using an anthology of texts of different genres from the 16th to the 21st century. 

This course delves into the linguistic aspects and grammatical structures of the Spanish language. It explores phonetics, morphology, and syntax to develop a comprehensive understanding of Spanish linguistics. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the fundamental components of the language and examining how they contribute to effective communication. By studying the underlying principles of Spanish grammar, the course provides insight into its intricacies and evolution over time. A combination of theoretical discussions and practical exercises enhances proficiency in Spanish grammar and linguistic analysis.