France

This course presents British and Irish literature through texts related to historical periods and major aesthetic currents in the history of Britain and Ireland. It provides tools for analysis, reading, and argumentation for written and oral expression. The course covers the methods of literary criticism and enriches literary culture through the reading of canonical texts. 

This course analyzes prior constitutions and political events that led to the birth of the Fifth Republic. It then offers an in-depth study of constitutional law mechanisms to better understand the institutional framework of a working democracy and current trends in government. The course is divided into five parts: history of the Fifth Republic, the executive, parliament, the judiciary and constitutional justice, and the European Union constitutional law. 

This course examines how people mobilize certain values to think and act while at the same time disagreeing over their definition, ranking, and translation into norms that organize the legal, social, and political world. The course uses political theory to provide concepts, principles, categories, and arguments to navigate through these conflicting normative aspirations. The course addresses questions of how to be coherent while having different values, beliefs, and practices; where to bridge the gap between ideal political principle and current institutions; whether there are acceptable trade-offs between conflicting values or conflicting interpretations of values; and why and how some values are politicized and weaponized.