Sweden

The purpose of the course is to introduce discrete event simulation, basic optimization approaches, and heuristic methods such as simulated annealing, tabu search, and evolutionary algorithms. The course begins by studying discrete event simulation. Students learn to write process-oriented and event-scheduling simulation programs in general programming languages. Estimation of accuracy, random number generation, methods for studying rare events, verification and validation are also covered. The next topic covered is optimization techniques. Linear programs (LP) and the simplex algorithm are studied. This is followed by integer programming (IP) and Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), the relation between IP and LP, and the branch-and-bound method for IP. Finally, heuristic and meta-heuristic methods for combinatorial optimization problems are viewed as optimization through simulation. The local search and its most common variations are explained along with the Monte Carlo techniques.

This course focuses on common principles at the heart of the functioning of modern communication networks and shows how the same notions related to connectivity, resilience and fragility, centrality and influence arise in several different domains. It introduces mathematical tools from graph theory, random graphs, dynamical systems, optimization and game theory, and covers a wide variety of applications including: opinion dynamics and learning in social networks; economic and financial networks; communication networks and the Internet; consensus and gossiping; spread and control of epidemics; dynamics and control of transportation and power networks.

This course provides students with a holistic view of the water environment so that it treats water both from physical and biological viewpoints. The main topics are: water resources, the hydrological cycle and processes, lakes and running water, ecological concepts, nutrient cycles, human impact. The course contents cover water resources and water circulation (hydrological processes, precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, soil, and groundwater and runoff) and also the circulation of nutrients, food webs, water chemistry, and species knowledge (ecological relationship between organisms and the aquatic environment). The course is divided in to three blocks: 1) Physical/chemical mechanisms, 2) Organisms, and 3) Restoration. Block 1 and Block 2 are covered mainly during period 1 and block 3 is covered during period 2.

The course provides students with specialized knowledge of the most recent scientific and technological developments within neurobiology. Students learn about the basic mechanisms and experimental strategies within different fields of neurological research. The course consists of two parts: 1) fundamental and basic neurobiology, and 2) brain diseases and treatments. The course covers the following fields: the functional neuroanatomy of the brain; cellular and molecular neurobiology; neurodegenerative diseases; network-related diseases.

The course has three themes: introduction to the development discourse; aid and conditionality; and development in practice. In the first theme the book DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM by Amartya Sen and several articles introduce students to some of the most important problems and discussions about development. The relationship between development and democracy is studied. In theme two, development and democracy are analyzed in connection with aid based on William Easterly's book THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN and a number of articles. Within this theme there is a focus on aid policies, and the creation of democracy in development states and specifically on democracy in Africa. The last theme is development in practice; a section planned to study development through specific regional cases that allow us to understand some of the problems and possibilities it faces. It includes specific initiatives aimed to deal with the most pressing problems in the field while discussing the ways in which such challenges and programs can be further analyzed and theorized. The course consists of three themes that are derived from three connected dimensions of the relations between the exercise of state power and various identities and forms of organization in society in different regions in the global south: i) development, ii) democracy, iii) political identities. The first course theme addresses different perspectives on economic and social development and underdevelopment, with special attention paid to the role of the state in shaping these processes. The second theme discusses forms of political rule and introduces different explanations of democracy and authoritarian rule. The theme also discusses theories of how these forms of political rule are related to levels of development. The third theme discusses how different political identities are connected to the organization of political institutions. This theme pays special attention to the question of how national identities are linked to other political identities based on gender, class, ethnicity and religion, how identities affect and are affected by the organization of state institutions, and how this in turn is linked to issues of conflict and stability.

This course is comprised of three sub-courses. Students must take all three sub-courses. The first sub-course focuses on analysis. This sub-course provides students with an overview of various advanced methods of data analysis and the statistical tools necessary to analyze current research in the discipline of psychology. The focus is primarily on multivariate analysis. The teaching includes theory and practice in analytical methods, in particular quantitative methods of data analysis.