London School of Economics

Are you looking to develop the skills to solve real-world challenges in finance, risk management, and insurance? These fields often deal with unpredictable phenomena—like investment decisions, insurance claim patterns, or pricing derivatives—which require robust stochastic models and advanced machine learning techniques. To tackle these challenges effectively, it’s essential to use robust statistical techniques and calibration methodologies to ensure models are reliable. This course equips students with the tools to apply modern statistical and machine learning methods to these complex problems. Students start by exploring Monte Carlo methods, simulating stochastic processes, and applying Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in risk management. They then connect Generalized Linear Models to deep neural networks, discovering their practical applications in the insurance industry. The course also addresses the challenges of calibrating models to ensure their accuracy and reliability. Combining rigorous theory with hands-on coding exercises in Python, students gain experience implementing real-world case studies while strengthening their core data science skills.

The course delivers the concepts and models underlying the modern analysis and pricing of financial derivatives. The philosophy of the course is to first provide the firm foundations for understanding derivatives in general. The required technical tools are explained carefully, allowing students to learn the language and to be able to converse with derivatives professionals. Once the tools are in place, those same tools can then be applied to any derivative. Special emphasis is put on those derivatives that shape the modern world. Students should feel comfortable with calculus, probability, and statistics at the intermediate undergraduate level before taking this course.

The 20th century completely reconfigured global politics. These reconfigurations also transformed Britain’s international standing. This course examines the often-overlapping shifts behind this transformation – imperial decline, economic crises, world wars, Cold War, European integration. Using a foreign policy lens, it examines how successful Britain was in navigating global challenges; how it adapted its strategies and alliances as a result; and how the foreign policymaking process altogether evolved, from being mainly the domain of ambassadors to increasingly being shaped by individual prime ministers. In answering these questions, the course has three main aims. First, to offer students an overview of the international history of modern Britain; second, to establish a firm basis for further studies in foreign policy and/or British politics; third, to provide the conceptual tools necessary for understanding current political discourses. 

The course is an introduction to politics in a globalized world, with a focus on how political science tries to understand and explain cross-country and cross-time differences. The course begins by introducing students to some of the main empirical variations in political behavior, political institutions, and outcomes across the world, focusing mainly on democratic and partially democratic countries (in both the developed and developing world), and introduces students to some of the basic theoretical ideas and research methods in political science. Each subsequent week is devoted to a substantive topic, where a more detailed analysis of political behavior, political institutions, or political outcomes are presented and various theoretical explanations are assessed.

The course provides students with an understanding of organizational change as a multifaceted phenomenon and equips them with skills to adopt a reflective, multi-dimensional approach when managing change in their future careers. In their everyday jobs, managers need to identify when change is needed, manage its implementation or guide others through it. In this course students learn about theories, strategies, skills, and techniques for leading successful change.

This course addresses various topics in management research which encourage creative and logical thinking, structuring of clear arguments, and critical assessment of evidence. The intellectual backbone of the course is applied and empirical economics, including behavioral economics and finance, but wherever appropriate, the course discusses contributions from the psychology, sociology, and management literature. Students mainly deal with issues which are amenable to rigorous empirical investigation. Examples of questions considered are whether pain killers are more effective when they are expensive, whether successful entrepreneurs tend to have been juvenile delinquents, and gender differences in negotiation.

The course introduces and develops an economic framework for business analysis and corporate valuation. The main focus is on integrating key concepts of economics, accounting, and finance in order to effectively evaluate the information content of financial reports; develop up-to-date applied knowledge of fundamental valuation techniques; and successfully implement investment strategies.

This course examines the idea of the communication revolution from two perspectives. First, how have changes in communications technology altered the speed and nature of communication between individuals and societies? The course explores how inventions such as the printing press, the camera and the radio helped connect Latin Americans to national and international networks and gave rise to new political and cultural identities. Second, how have individuals and groups used mass communication to both push for and resist revolutionary change? Examples include the role of print culture in the Atlantic Revolutions, printmaking in the Mexican Revolution and the pioneering use of radio education in the Andean countryside during the 1960s. 

The course examines the inter-relationships between the development of the international economy and the growth of national economies until the late 19th century. The course introduces students not only to a wide variety of topics and issues, but also to the wide variety of approaches used by historians. The course includes analyses of the original leading nation, Britain, and its replacement, the United States, as well as the catch-up of areas such as continental Europe, and the failure to catch-up of earlier well-placed areas such as Latin America.