Philosophy

In her first book, published in 1997, Saidiya Hartman unfolds a theory of the subject based on the effects of colonialism. She studies the relation between white supremacy and the oppression of Black people through modes of self-constitution and performance. Hartman’s work is one of the canonical readings within Black studies and Black feminism and methodologically situated between history, philosophy, and performance studies. The course engages in a semester of close reading in order to get familiar with some fundamental theoretical motives in Black Studies, such as the notion of antiblackness, slave agency, the aftermath of slavery and its counterparts: the possessive individuality of the bourgeois subject and the liberal notion of freedom.

A literary and philosophical inquiry into such themes as selfhood, nothingness, name, namelessness, reality, Karma, yin-yang, and so forth through examination of great literary and philosophical writings in the East Asian tradition. All works are read in English translation. Topics covered include: Taoist thought and literature, Confucian thought and literature, Buddhist literature, the origins of East Asian thought, search for cultural archetypes, Confucian ideology in crisis, and modernity in modern Korean and Chinese fiction.

This course discusses philosophical questions such as the follows through movie appreciation and readings of related books: Who will board the Ark in the "Doomsday" scene? Can "terrorists" be tortured? Why do modern people hate going to work? (Field: Social Philosophy) Why do strangers hurt each other? Are you living in a virtual world? Can I make a choice? Is all reasonable thing the right thing? Will you fall in love with an algorithm? Who gave the meaning of life? Who has the right to decide my life and death? Will you go back after you walk out of the cave?

Our strength of beliefs influence our decision making. But how should we measure strength of belief, and what rational constraints are there on one's strength of belief? How should one's strengths of belief change in response to evidence? And how exactly ought one's strength of beliefs feed through into rational decision making? These are the central questions that students tackle in this course, where they are introduced to the probabilistic representation of strength of belief, arguments for the rationality of probabilistic degrees of belief, arguments for various rational constraints on those beliefs - including constraints concerning belief updates in response to evidence - and to decision theory.

After completing this course students are able to:

1. identify the key arguments in a primary philosophy text by key thinkers in Western philosophy. (Assessment: final exam, class participation, reading questions).
2. critically assess the arguments in a primary philosophy text by key thinkers in Western philosophy. (Assessment: final exam, class discussion, essays).
3. represent their critical, cogent assessments of arguments from the main themes of Western philosophy in an essay. (Assessment: essays, final exam).
4. express their cogent philosophical arguments in class discussions and beyond. (Assessment: class discussion).
5. Main goal: After completing this course students have a solid, if basic knowledge of the main figures and main themes (e.g. epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, mind, language, science) in the Western philosophical tradition, from the Ancient world to the 20th Century. (Assessment: final exam).

Content

Philosophy is neither a science nor an art, yet it is the mother of many arts and sciences, which have achieved independence from it by developing methods and techniques of their own. This course is an introduction to the discipline of philosophy, its authors, its history, its methods, and last but not least, its arguments.

Philosophy comprises a wide range of subjects and a long history of human thought relying on nothing but itself. Its problems and arguments have for two an a half millennia helped to articulate religious and political movements, to inspire art and literature, and so to shape societies and civilizations.

            The course is an invitation to hear western philosophers from twenty-four centuries reflecting on such large questions as (1) What, basically, is there? (2) Do we really know what we think we know? (3) How should we act and who should we choose to be? These are theoretical questions, but many of them have enormous practical implications. The questions are tied up with each other: our view on what there is, is related both to our view on what insures reliable knowledge, and to our view on how to derive evaluation from description, or how to get from ‘is’ to ‘ought’. By tracing the connections between these questions, philosophy helps to articulate a consistent and coherent world-view.
            Designed as a self-contained first presentation of the subject that, at the same time, provides a basis for more advanced work, our course introduces participants both to the major areas of philosophy as it is currently conceived and to significant stages in its two and a half millennia long development. We study the philosophers themselves primarily in brief extracts from their own works, and try to put human thought in systematic and historical perspectives. In the process we exercise and develop our capacity for analysis and argument, as well as our reading comprehension and our ability to communicate these in writing.