French

This course covers how choose the appropriate sensory analysis and tasting tools and interpret the results to make a judgment on different types of wines and wine by-products. Topics include sensory analysis; vocabulary, writing, and technique; sensory evaluation tests, statistical tools, and processing; and typicality and tasting. 

This course discusses the evolution of terrorism from the 20th century to the present day, through an analysis of international relations that specifies the characteristics of terrorist movements and groups, the nature of their demands, and the threats they pose. The triple dimension - local, regional, and international - is at the heart of the analysis of the motivations and logics behind the operationalization of this radical form of political violence. The gradual development of the fight against terrorism in terms of repression, criminal law and the judiciary enable reflection on the democratic governance of anti-terrorist policies and their impact on our individual freedoms.

This course focuses on the state and evolution of photography in the wake of the second World War. It treats the following topics: humanist photography (1945-1968) and its origins; subjective photography in Europe and the United States (1950-1970); renewal of the American documentary after 1945; revival of the landscape in contemporary photography; photojournalism; contemporary photography and art from conceptual photography to visual photography; quotes, reinterpretations, and reappropriations of modern photography; experimental photography; and post photography. 

This course focuses on collective, systemic, structural violence, such as mass political violence on the one hand, and sexual and intra-family violence on the other. Using the lenses of the social sciences, it examines how they arise. It then looks at the responses to these issues: penalizing the perpetrators, listening to and providing therapeutic care for the victims, dialogue between the various parties, writing a shared history. In pairs, students carry out a fragment of a collective investigation: observation of a mechanism for protecting victims of collective violence (the National Court of Asylum, in Montreuil), or an interview with experts in sexual and intra-familial response. The social sciences (academic sources, and in particular books and articles based on empirical surveys) are privileged (to the detriment of press articles, blogs, reports from international or national organizations). The course provides an opportunity for familiarization with the way in which the social sciences (political science, history, sociology, anthropology, social psychology) view collective, political, and social violence. It reflects on the responses of experts and societies to such violence, and their limitations, and uses social science empirical survey methodologies (ethnographic observation, semi-directive interviews).

This course provides an opportunity to participate in theatrical improvisation activities to develop oral skills. It practices expressing oneself in communication situations and learning to adapt to the context. The course includes guided improvisation and writing short dialogues around acts of staged speech. It facilitates development of oral skills through theatrical play; adapting to different communication situations (levels of language, sociocultural codes); learning about writing theatrical dialogue; and discovering French theater and theatrical techniques.

This course covers basic notions about infectious pathologies. With precise and transversal examples, it addresses physiology of the body, the regulation of pathogens, and the mechanisms leading to pathology. It highlights the fragile balance between parasites and hosts.

This course examines the complex articulation between cinema and country of origin in a historical perspective. It questions to what extent these country-specific categories (e.g. Italian cinema, French cinema, German cinema) not only express national specificities but also construct them. It does so in particular from the stereotypes conveyed or constructed by the films of a given period or even a given gender; stereotypes that other films can, on the contrary, attach to or have fun deconstructing. The course uses examples from French, Italian, American, and German films.

This course provides a socio-historical approach to studying and analyzing the construction of social policies from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. It demonstrates how the construction of social policies is the result of a combination of factors that follow one another over time, leading to more or less slow transformations marked mainly by the "administration" of society. With this in mind, the course stresses the importance of the various configurations and coalitions of social and institutional actors (public and private) that succeeded one another over the period; the variability of politico-administrative systems, political regimes, and governance; and the changes in the frame of reference for public action. The challenge is to study both the process of the emergence of these policies (public assistance, social protection, and social insurance) and, more generally, the welfare state, as well as the new forms of political regulation of society (through, for example, the question of the progressive regulation of the state). It also focuses on the different levels of action, from local and municipal to transnational and national. The course also imparts the methodological and conceptual tools needed to carry out original research on these issues.

This course studies works (mainly literary) from prehistory to try to better understand the power of attraction that this still so enigmatic period in the history of man exerts on the imagination and to explore, particularly from the daydreams and fantasized representations that unfold there, what that they say about us more than about our distant ancestors. The course also provides an opportunity to address, from the texts studied, specifically literary questions, through for example those of genres and registers, the construction of the story or writing resources. Part of this course is devoted to the study of works of youth literature to discover the vision of prehistory that they offer.

This course provides an introduction to and covers the basics of oenological analysis (principles, implementation, uncertainties, applications).