French

This course covers the fundamental vocabulary and syntax of economic and commercial French and develops cultural skills specific to the business world. It analyzes and produces simple and complex professional documents dealing with economics. The first part of the course covers the Economic World and discusses economics, economic agents, needs, competition, the market, and price setting. The second part of the course discusses the Business world, including the company, classification, goods and services, economic sectors, the shift toward a service-based economy, and the chocolate market. Finally, the last part of the course covers Company Personnel: company structure, types of organizational charts, the different departments within a company, and hierarchy.

This course examines a focused corpus of artworks: Jacques-Louis David, THE DEATH OF MARAT and THE INTERVENTION OF THE SABINE WOMEN; Antoine-Jean Gros, BONAPARTE VISITING THE PLAGUE VICTIMS OF JAFFA; Théodore Géricault, THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA; Eugène Delacroix, LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE; Gustave Courbet, A BURIAL AT ORNANS; and Edgar Degas, LITTLE DANCER AGED FOURTEEN. It conducts an historical study of these landmark works, while opening onto broader perspectives such as the history of the tableau vivant, theater, and cinema, and initiating a reflection on their place within contemporary visual culture. Two sessions are devoted to the relationship between history painting and early cinema, with a particular focus on Jean-Léon Gérôme's JERUSALEM and Luc-Olivier Merson's REST ON THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT.
 

This course presents the main geological characteristics of marine environments (excluding the water column). It examines the dynamics of the various structural entities that make up oceanic domains—mid‑ocean ridges, subduction zones, abyssal plains, continental margins, oceanic plateaus, and islands—and the sedimentary processes that occur within them. These elements are situated within the broader framework of lithospheric plate dynamics. The course combines classroom lectures, guided practical sessions involving the analysis of oceanographic data, and fieldwork. In addition, a guest lecture addresses current global issues affecting marine domains at the international scale.