French

This course studies the relationship between energy and urbanization, taking a global approach that gives pride of place to cities in the Global South and emphasizing a socio-material perspective and an understanding of the social practices and hierarchies that structure cities. Furthermore, energy governance is a major issue in urban policy today, particularly in the context of ecological transition. Therefore, it studies urban energy, taking into account the long term and also looking ahead to the future. In terms of methodology, the course is rooted in geography. It uses and familiarize students with certain geographical methods such as cartography and graphic visualization. It also encourages students to engage directly and critically with social science works in the form of articles and books, leading to presentations and lectures, as well as a graded written assignment.

This practical intermediate-level course in French conversation provides students with a wide variety of dialogue models in audio and text form, which they are invited to listen to, read and reproduce, before writing and performing, in groups, their own dialogue on a common theme.

The course follows a traditional chronological approach (from antiquity to the 1860s), providing an introduction to the development of major schools of thought. The emphasis is on understanding the historical, political, and cultural context that contributed to the emergence of economic doctrines. Neither a history of simple “ideas” nor a history of economic theories alone, this is a contextual history that seeks to explain how and why, in each era, different ways of thinking about economics took hold. It examines how three ages of thought follow on from and intermingle with one another: moral (conforming behavior to norms defining the good life); political (working for the prosperity and power of nations); and scientific (developing a rational explanation of economic behavior and phenomena).

This course presents the Chinese economy and its evolution over the last four decades from a macroeconomic perspective. The world's second-largest economy has several characteristics: it is opaque, constitutes a rare example of a hybrid capitalist system, and has undergone significant changes in recent years. In recent years, the Chinese economy has faced persistent internal imbalances that raise questions about the future changes to its growth model and, more broadly, the implications for its financial and trading partners. This course provides the essential tools for understanding the Chinese economy and its implications for international economic dynamics. 

This introductory course offers a practical study of the French language in the context of the professional tourism field. It focuses on the acquisition of theoretical training in French linguistics and the development of communicative skills for use in the tourism industry.