Italy

This course is part of the LM degree program and is intended for advanced level students. Enrollment is by consent of the instructor. The course provides students with an understanding of how a food supply chain is structured, operates, performs, and is managed to increase its competitiveness and sustainability. The course discusses topics including the relevance of food supply chain management; the factors influencing companies’ strategic adjustment to markets globalization and other drivers of change; tools to manage a supply chain; developing critical thinking: discussing supply chain real world experiences; and experiencing the uncertainty in supply chain management.

This is a special studies course involving an artist apprenticeship with a renowned local artist or an artist connected to the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna. It can also involve a group or solo art show held at the Accademia di Belle Arti with the invitation of a faculty member, or an art show held at a local gallery. The Special Study internship is arranged with the Study Center Director or Liaison Officer. Specific internships vary each term and are described on a special study internship form for each student. A substantial paper or series of reports is required. Units vary depending on the contact hours and method of assessment. The internship may be taken during one or more terms but the units cannot exceed a total of 12.0 for the year.

This course goes beyond the fundamentals of marketing emphasizing the concepts, theories, and techniques applied to the “Made in Italy” phenomenon, emblematic of superlative quality. The course explores three key areas: 1) Basis of communication, public relations, and marketing; 2) “Made in Italy”: concept, its evolution and what means for Italy from economic and social point of view; and 3) marketing and advertising approaches of Italian companies pursuing “Made in Italy”. A focus is on the industries of food and cuisine, fashion, and other areas of design. The course explores the appeal of “Made in Italy” as a global brand and the marketing of “Italian Style” throughout the world. Since a flow of expertise across time and disciplines seems to distinguish “Made in Italy,” the course aims to give a way to connect the latter to patterns of continuity and change in Italian society and to examine how the "Made in Italy" phenomenon has impacted the country. An additional concentration is on the business aspect of the label, in particular, on marketing, branding, and consumer behavior seen from both an Italian and international perspective.

This is a graduate level course that is part of the Laurea Magistrale program. The course is intended for advanced level students only. Enrollment is by consent of the instructor. The course consists of two parts. This course provides students with advanced tools for analyzing and modelling momentum, energy, and mass transport in fluid or solid media. Continuum mechanics approach is used to address the discussion of fluid mechanics, heat. and mass transfer problems. The course focuses on the role of local form of total mass, momentum, energy, and species balance equations.

The first part of the course discusses topics including: Eulerian and Lagrangian views. Local and material derivative. Microscopic mass balance. Microscopic momentum balance. Stress tensor in a fluid. Deformation rate tensor components. Constituive equations for the relation between stress and deformation rate for newtonian fluids, Bingham fluids and Power law fluids. Navier Stokes equation. Laminar flows: Couette flow for the different types of fluids, Falling film flow for the different types of fluids. Example on composite falling film (Bingham and Newtonian fluids): velocity profile, stress profile and flowrate. Poiseuille flow in rectangular and cylindrical channels: stress profile, velocity profile, flowrate for Newtonian, Bingham and Power Law Fluids. Consideration on the solution of the Navier Stokes equation in different cases: Couette, Poiseuille and falling films. Flow in an annulus. Velocity and stress profile for a newtonian fluid. Example: wire coating. Non dimensionalization of Navier Stokes equation. Creeping and Inertial flows. Reynolds and Strouhal number meaning. Application to the unsteady falling film problem. Examples of visocus, bidirectional, pseudo-steady flows. Determination of the velocity profile and force exerted on a squeezing-plate viscometer. Viscometry: viscometric kinematics and viscosity. Coeutte viscometer in planar and cylindrical case. Parallel disk viscometer: velocity profile and estimation of viscosity. Cone and plate viscometer:velocity profile and estimation of viscosity. Capillary viscometer for Newtonian fluids. Pressure profile in fluids in rigid-body rotation. Rabinowitsch treatment of capillary viscometer data: example of application to polymeric solution following power-law behavior. Lubrication theory: study of the velocity and pressure profile in a Michell Bearing, lift force applied. Example of the falling cylinder viscometer. Solution of unsteady laminar flow problems: semiinfinite medium. Solution of 2d problems using the stream function: Creeping flow around a sphere. Potential, inviscid and irrotational flow. Vorticity transport theorem. Euler's equation and Bernoulli's equation. Laplace's equation. Potential flow around a cylinder. D'Alembert paradox. Laminar Boundary layer around a flat plate: Blasius' derivation and numerical solution. Applications: entrance length in a duct. Friction factor. Turbulent flow: time smoothed quantities. Time smoothed version of the continuity equation and Navier Stokes equation with inertial stress. Friction factor as interfacial coefficient in internal flow, external flow and boundary layer: analogy with heat and mass transfer case. Dimensionless diagrams for friction factor in various cases. Flow in porous media: Darcy's law and Ergun equation. Application to the filtration process and fluidization point determination.

The second part of the course discusses topics including: Heat Transfer. Heat transfer: Fourier’s constitutive equation, thermal conductivity for isotropic and anisotropic materials; constitutive equations for internal energy; local energy balance equation. Heat conduction in solids and quiescent fluids: problem formulation, different initial and boundary conditions. Heat conduction in a semi-infinite slab with boundary conditions on temperature or on heat flux; analogy with penetration theory. Calculation of heat transfer coefficient, heat flux and total heat exchanged. Heat conduction in two semi-infinite slabs in contact at the interface. Two dimensional problems of steady heat conduction: use of conformal transformations. Heat conduction in fins; planar fins and efficiency. Bessel’s and modified Bessel’s equations and their solutions. Solution of heat transfer in cylindrical fins and calculation of efficiency. Solution of transient heat transfer problems in slabs and cylinders: methods of separation of variables and Laplace transform method for different boundary conditions. Solutions available in graphs. Heat transfer in fluids under different motion regimes: a) forced convection, non-dimensional equations, Péclèt number and dependence of Nusselt number on the relevant dimensionless numbers; b) free convection, non-dimensional equations, Grashof number and dependence of Nusselt number on Grashof and Prandtl numbers. Thermal boundary layer on flat surface: detailed solution, thickness, heat transfer coefficient, Chilton – Colbourn analogy. Discussion on analogy between heat transfer and fluid motion. Boundary layer on flat surfaces for liquid metals. Mass transfer. Relevant variables, velocity and flux of each species, diffusive velocities and diffusive fluxes. Local mass balances in Lagrangian and Eulerian form. Constitutive equation for the diffusive mass flux (mobility and chemical potential gradients); discussion. Fick’s law, diffusivity in binary solutions; its general properties, dependence on temperature, pressure; typical orders of magnitude for different phases. Mass balance equation for Fickian mixtures; relevant boundary conditions. Discussion and analogy with heat transfer problems. Measurements of diffusivity in gases; Stefan problem of diffusion in stagnant film. Steady state mass transfer in different geometries (planar, cylindrical, and spherical) in single and multilayer walls. Transient mass transfer: problem formulation in different geometries. Solution for transient mass transfer problems: semi-infinite slab with different boundary conditions, films of finite thickness. Calculation of mass flux, of the total sorbed mass; “short times” and “long times” methods for the measurement of diffusivities. Transient permeation through a film: use of time lag and permeability for the determination of diffusivity and solubility coefficients. Transient mass transfer in ion implantation processes. Mass transfer in a falling film and calculation of the mass transfer coefficient. Mass transfer in a fluid in motion: dimensionless equations; dependence of the Sherwood number on the relevant dimensionless numbers: Reynolds and Prandtl in forced convection, Grashof and Prandtl in free convection. Analogy with heat transfer. Graetz problems. Boundary layer problems in mass transfer: mass transfer from a flat surface, mass transfer boundary layer thickness; explicit solution for the concentration profile and for the local mass transfer coefficient. Levèque problem formulation and solution. Chilton – Colbourn analogy; discussion on analogy among the different transport phenomena. Calculation of the mass transfer coefficient. Mass transfer with chemical reaction: analysis of the behavior of isothermal catalysts with different geometries (planar, cylindrical, and spherical), concentration profiles and efficiency dependence on Thiele modulus. Discussion on non-isothermal catalysts behavior and efficiency. Diffusion with surface chemical reaction: metal oxidation problems: general problem formulation and justification through order-of-magnitude analysis of the pseudo-steady state approximation; solution and oxide thickness dependence on time. Diffusion with chemical reaction in the bulk: concentration dependence on Damkholer number. Absorption with chemical reaction: determination of the mass transfer coefficient and of the enhancement factor for the case of instantaneous reactions, Hatta’s method. Calculation of mass transfer coefficient and enhancement factor for the case of slow and fast reactions; film theory. Elements of turbulent mass transport and on dispersion problems in laminar flows (Taylor-Aris dispersion) and in porous media.

This is a graduate level course that is part of the Laurea Magistrale program. The course is intended for advanced level students only. Enrollment is by consent of the instructor. Students who complete a special project on a pre-approved topic are awarded 1 extra unit. Maximum units for this course are 8. The course has 2 parts: A & B. Students must take both. No partial credit is possible. PART A: Fluid mechanics; PART B: Transport Phenomena. This course provides students with advanced tools for analyzing and modelling momentum, energy, and mass transport in fluid or solid media. Continuum mechanics approach is used to address the discussion of fluid mechanics, heat. and mass transfer problems. The course focuses on the role of local form of total mass, momentum, energy, and species balance equations.

Part A discusses topics including: Eulerian and Lagrangian views. Local and material derivative. Microscopic mass balance. Microscopic momentum balance. Stress tensor in a fluid. Deformation rate tensor components. Constituive equations for the relation between stress and deformation rate for newtonian fluids, Bingham fluids and Power law fluids. Navier Stokes equation. Laminar flows: Couette flow for the different types of fluids, Falling film flow for the different types of fluids. Example on composite falling film (Bingham and Newtonian fluids): velocity profile, stress profile and flowrate. Poiseuille flow in rectangular and cylindrical channels: stress profile, velocity profile, flowrate for Newtonian, Bingham and Power Law Fluids. Consideration on the solution of the Navier Stokes equation in different cases: Couette, Poiseuille and falling films. Flow in an annulus. Velocity and stress profile for a newtonian fluid. Example: wire coating. Non dimensionalization of Navier Stokes equation. Creeping and Inertial flows. Reynolds and Strouhal number meaning. Application to the unsteady falling film problem. Examples of visocus, bidirectional, pseudo-steady flows. Determination of the velocity profile and force exerted on a squeezing-plate viscometer. Viscometry: viscometric kinematics and viscosity. Coeutte viscometer in planar and cylindrical case. Parallel disk viscometer: velocity profile and estimation of viscosity. Cone and plate viscometer:velocity profile and estimation of viscosity. Capillary viscometer for Newtonian fluids. Pressure profile in fluids in rigid-body rotation. Rabinowitsch treatment of capillary viscometer data: example of application to polymeric solution following power-law behavior. Lubrication theory: study of the velocity and pressure profile in a Michell Bearing, lift force applied. Example of the falling cylinder viscometer. Solution of unsteady laminar flow problems: semiinfinite medium. Solution of 2d problems using the stream function: Creeping flow around a sphere. Potential, inviscid and irrotational flow. Vorticity transport theorem. Euler's equation and Bernoulli's equation. Laplace's equation. Potential flow around a cylinder. D'Alembert paradox. Laminar Boundary layer around a flat plate: Blasius' derivation and numerical solution. Applications: entrance length in a duct. Friction factor. Turbulent flow: time smoothed quantities. Time smoothed version of the continuity equation and Navier Stokes equation with inertial stress. Friction factor as interfacial coefficient in internal flow, external flow and boundary layer: analogy with heat and mass transfer case. Dimensionless diagrams for friction factor in various cases. Flow in porous media: Darcy's law and Ergun equation. Application to the filtration process and fluidization point determination.

Part B discusses topics including: Heat Transfer. Heat transfer: Fourier’s constitutive equation, thermal conductivity for isotropic and anisotropic materials; constitutive equations for internal energy; local energy balance equation. Heat conduction in solids and quiescent fluids: problem formulation, different initial and boundary conditions. Heat conduction in a semi-infinite slab with boundary conditions on temperature or on heat flux; analogy with penetration theory. Calculation of heat transfer coefficient, heat flux and total heat exchanged. Heat conduction in two semi-infinite slabs in contact at the interface. Two dimensional problems of steady heat conduction: use of conformal transformations. Heat conduction in fins; planar fins and efficiency. Bessel’s and modified Bessel’s equations and their solutions. Solution of heat transfer in cylindrical fins and calculation of efficiency. Solution of transient heat transfer problems in slabs and cylinders: methods of separation of variables and Laplace transform method for different boundary conditions. Solutions available in graphs. Heat transfer in fluids under different motion regimes: a) forced convection, non-dimensional equations, Péclèt number and dependence of Nusselt number on the relevant dimensionless numbers; b) free convection, non-dimensional equations, Grashof number and dependence of Nusselt number on Grashof and Prandtl numbers. Thermal boundary layer on flat surface: detailed solution, thickness, heat transfer coefficient, Chilton – Colbourn analogy. Discussion on analogy between heat transfer and fluid motion. Boundary layer on flat surfaces for liquid metals. Mass transfer. Relevant variables, velocity and flux of each species, diffusive velocities and diffusive fluxes. Local mass balances in Lagrangian and Eulerian form. Constitutive equation for the diffusive mass flux (mobility and chemical potential gradients); discussion. Fick’s law, diffusivity in binary solutions; its general properties, dependence on temperature, pressure; typical orders of magnitude for different phases. Mass balance equation for Fickian mixtures; relevant boundary conditions. Discussion and analogy with heat transfer problems. Measurements of diffusivity in gases; Stefan problem of diffusion in stagnant film. Steady state mass transfer in different geometries (planar, cylindrical, and spherical) in single and multilayer walls. Transient mass transfer: problem formulation in different geometries. Solution for transient mass transfer problems: semi-infinite slab with different boundary conditions, films of finite thickness. Calculation of mass flux, of the total sorbed mass; “short times” and “long times” methods for the measurement of diffusivities. Transient permeation through a film: use of time lag and permeability for the determination of diffusivity and solubility coefficients. Transient mass transfer in ion implantation processes. Mass transfer in a falling film and calculation of the mass transfer coefficient. Mass transfer in a fluid in motion: dimensionless equations; dependence of the Sherwood number on the relevant dimensionless numbers: Reynolds and Prandtl in forced convection, Grashof and Prandtl in free convection. Analogy with heat transfer. Graetz problems. Boundary layer problems in mass transfer: mass transfer from a flat surface, mass transfer boundary layer thickness; explicit solution for the concentration profile and for the local mass transfer coefficient. Levèque problem formulation and solution. Chilton – Colbourn analogy; discussion on analogy among the different transport phenomena. Calculation of the mass transfer coefficient. Mass transfer with chemical reaction: analysis of the behavior of isothermal catalysts with different geometries (planar, cylindrical, and spherical), concentration profiles and efficiency dependence on Thiele modulus. Discussion on non-isothermal catalysts behavior and efficiency. Diffusion with surface chemical reaction: metal oxidation problems: general problem formulation and justification through order-of-magnitude analysis of the pseudo-steady state approximation; solution and oxide thickness dependence on time. Diffusion with chemical reaction in the bulk: concentration dependence on Damkholer number. Absorption with chemical reaction: determination of the mass transfer coefficient and of the enhancement factor for the case of instantaneous reactions, Hatta’s method. Calculation of mass transfer coefficient and enhancement factor for the case of slow and fast reactions; film theory. Elements of turbulent mass transport and on dispersion problems in laminar flows (Taylor-Aris dispersion) and in porous media.

This is a graduate level course that is part of the Laurea Magistrale program. The course is intended for advanced level students only. Enrollment is by consent of the instructor. The course focuses on women's popular culture with specific reference to travel literature and critical utopias, within a gender perspective. This course explores the multi-layered meanings that utopia as a literary genre and utopianism as a form of thought acquire for women’s access to writing and to the public and contemporary debates. Starting from the analysis of some emblematic texts written by male authors, for example UTOPIA (1516) by Thomas More and NEW ATLANTIS (1628) by Francis Bacon, the course investigates the way in which this hybrid genre initiates a dialogue with classical utopianism and the great tradition as well as intertwining it with other contemporary emergent literary genres (travel writing, romance, novel, closet drama, theater and scientific treatises). The course then explores female forms of utopia from the 17th century to the 20th century and examines the ways in which female writers read the utopian paradigm and interpret it as a possible space for female agency and empowerment. The course also questions how women used the utopian paradigm to discuss the obstacles and possibilities in women’s private and public life and to propose social and political changes.

In this course students obtain knowledge in microbiology topics with a focus on the main microbial groups involved in bioenergy production from biomasses and in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants. Students are able to apply acquired knowledge in the management of plants for bioenergy production and for the bioremediation of contaminated habitats. The course is composed of two sections, each one having a theoretical part, performed via usual class teaching, and a practical part, performed via laboratory activity or visits to farms/factories. Part 1: Application of microorganisms in bioenergy and bioplastic production including biogas production, bioethanol production, biohydrogen production, and bioplastic production. This part of the course includes a visit to a biogas producing plant fed with waste products and biomasses. Part 2: Application of microorganisms for environmental remediation including soil, water and wastewater, and microbial indicators in water pollution and decontamination. Prerequisite for this course is a course in general microbiology and a course in biochemistry.

The course provides the technical skills for implementing financial models with Excel including array, financial, and statistical functions. Students are equipped with the basic operational tools to understand financial markets and employ the modelling abilities developed via sample applications to build their own models. Coursework mainly focuses on functions already embedded in the worksheet as well as on procedures designed to solve specific problems. The course concentrates on the application of several theoretical models for financial valuation, optimal portfolio choice, and performance evaluation. Topics covered include: mean-variance portfolio choice, efficient frontier with and without short selling constraints, and parameter uncertainty; bonds: duration, convexity, immunization, and the term structure of interest rates; stocks: CAPM, beta estimation, and the security market line; introduction to APT and multifactor models; binomial model, lognormal distribution, and Black-Scholes model; and event study and style analysis. The course requires students have an intermediate knowledge of Excel as a prerequisite.

This course is part of the LM degree program and is intended for advanced level students. Enrolment is by consent of the instructor. The course is graded on a P/NP basis. The course introduces students to the Italian literary culture of the 16th and 20th century. It provides a wide historical background on the issue, together with the basic tools for reading, analyzing, and contextualizing Italian works of the Renaissance, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Course topics vary each term. For the most up to date version of the course topics, access the University of Bologna Online Course Catalog. The fall 2023 lectures are organized in four modules, and focus on a diverse range of literary topics. Module one focuses on women, female characters, and gender between Renaissance and post-unification Italy. Module two focuses on Women’s Education in Early Modern Italy: Theory and Actuality. Module three is on Women and society in the Italian peninsula (c. XIX). Module four introduces topic Of Ladies, of Passions and of Wars: Representation of Women in the Italian Resistance.