University of Commerce Luigi Bocconi

This course examines the key role of economic activities as a driver of climate change and how economic tools can be used to investigate this problem and to design climate policies. In order to deal with the problem of climate change, students have to rethink some key economic concepts such as efficiency, externality, intertemporal decision making under uncertainty, and welfare aggregation, from a new and more applied perspective. Students also become familiar with key tools for climate change and long term energy policy making: integrated assessment models. The general mechanism of these tools are learned through applications like the role of innovation in the energy sector, game theory and the (in)stability of international climate agreements, and how the inclusion of uncertainty affects optimal policies and investment decisions. The course discusses topics including and introduction to the climate change challenge, integrated assessment models, making decisions about the environment (cost benefit and cost effective analysis), who is the social planner? (Inter-temporal and social aggregation issues), modeling technological change and climate mitigation technologies, valuation methods (valuing the market and non-market benefits of avoided climate change), environmental policy making, and international environmental agreements.

This course provides an overview of the history of law in Europe. The course sketches the history of a common civilization, to which people contributed coming from different and faraway lands, cities, kingdoms, and towns. A special focus is on the sources of law: legislation, legal doctrine, and legal practice. The relevance of each of these sources varied over time. In order to shed light on the common features throughout the history of Europe, the course focuses on a selection of the institutions of private and public law which are most representative of each epoch and each country. A special emphasis is on the correlation between the laws and the role played by professional jurists. All topics in the course are dealt with particular attention to the exchange of normative bodies, legislations, doctrines, judicial decisions, and customs within Europe, including English Common Law. Overall, the course introduces students to the complexities of European legal history through in-depth analysis of the sources of the law, from the middle ages to the present time. The course recommends students have background knowledge with the fundamentals of Private Law and Public Law.

This is an intensive elementary Italian language course designed for students with a minimum of 2 quarters/1 semester of previous Italian language (the equivalent of Italian 1A). Grammar is applied through exercises, games, communicative activities, written texts and oral monologues, and role play. Students express basic needs which enable them to communicate in familiar situations regarding everyday topics. Students read brief, simple texts and write brief descriptive and narrative texts. Grammar topics covered include: regular and irregular verbs, regular and irregular participles, reflexive forms, auxiliary and modal verbs (eg. potere, dovere, volere), and use of the verb "piacere." Students learn active conjugation of the auxiliary verbs, "essere" and "avere" and regular verbs in the indicative tense (present, past tense, imperfect, future simple); the conditional present and the imperative. Other grammatical elements include forms and uses of simple and articulated prepositions, adverbs, connectives, determinate and indeterminate articles, gender and number of adjectives, common regular and irregular nouns, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, subject pronouns, direct and indirect pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and possessives. Student performance is evaluated based on quizzes and a final exam. Texts include a reader provided by Bocconi.