Lund University

The course covers the most important developments in the history of the media concerning how historical studies are conducted today in theory and practice. Special emphasis is placed on how digital tools and digital sources influence the conditions for historical inquiries. The course introduces methods and tools for digital history, e.g. text analysis and data visualization.

This course gives a broad overview of neural engineering concepts and principles for recording outgoing and generating ingoing neural signals. The course gives insights into existing and future neural interfaces, neural prostheses, and neurorobotics.  It covers principles and technologies of neuroengineering applications, including basic human neuroanatomy and physiology, brain stimulator, spinal cord stimulation, functional electrical stimulation (FES), neural-machine interface for motor prosthesis control, artificial vision, and auditory devices for augmented sensory perception.

The course reviews vision and other types of photoreception, olfaction, taste, hearing, equilibrium, mechanoreception, pressure reception, electroreception, magnetoreception, and senses for temperature and heat radiation. All senses are studied comparatively across the animal kingdom. A range of methods in physiology, ethology, and human psychophysics are taught and used during the course. The course is divided into sections covering different levels of organization. The sections include: the molecular machinery of sensory receptors; the design and function of sensory organs; neuroanatomy, neural processing, and integration of sensory information; and the role of sensory information in behavior and in the adaptation of animals to their environment (sensory ecology). Towards the end of the course, each student carries out a major practical project specializing in one area of sensory biology. The project results are discussed at a full-day symposium organized at a field station.

The course intends to extend Swedish vocabulary and the ability to adapt the use of language to different communicative situations while developing the ability to engage in debates and discussions in Swedish. Written proficiency and the knowledge of stylistic variation in Swedish are practiced through the study of factual texts and text analysis. Active vocabulary is enlarged through reading modern Swedish literature. The pronunciation and grammar exercises are assisted by computer-based language programs in a language laboratory.

The course offers a basic introduction to methods for the evaluation of health promotion activities. Half of the course specializes in health economic evaluations (cost-effectiveness) with a focus on prevention, interventions, and treatments to improve or protect the health of the individual or the population. Why and how economic evaluations are made, with special focus on assessing current examples in the literature are reviewed. The other half of the course focuses on effect evaluations in non-controlled research designs by means of quasi-experimental methods, which are used when randomization has not been carried out and tries to replicate a randomized experiment. The course introduces the most common methods, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and how one can assess the application of the method in current examples from the literature. The course has an international perspective with respect to applications and analyses.