Lund University

The European Union (EU) is one of the world's largest and most important economies. Those interested in doing business with the EU member states must know the rules and the practice of relevant laws. This introductory course deals with the subject from several perspectives, including a social and economic perspective. It provides the fundamental tools needed to be able to do business with the EU, whether they live in Europe or elsewhere. Students gain a broad understanding of both the practical and theoretical aspects of European business law, regardless of if they have prior legal knowledge or not. The course focuses on topics central to business law and economic analysis, such as free movement law, competition law, environmental law, trade law, and state aid law. A general understanding of the EU's legal system and an exploration of the basic constitutional foundations of the EU is gained.

The course focuses on the relationship between the government and the market in terms of both equity and efficiency. The Nordic welfare state is analyzed both empirically and theoretically, with a special emphasis on the case of Sweden. The course gives the necessary economic tools to judge when government interventions are motivated, how these interventions can be done efficiently, and which problems can arise due to imperfect information and other deviations from a perfect market environment. The course includes a history of the development of the Swedish welfare state and considers arguments for and against the Nordic welfare state model. The course proceeds by covering a range of the many tools at the disposal of policymakers for jointly maximizing welfare and equity, keeping track of both the spending and the financing of the public sector. Topics covered include public goods, externalities, environmental policy, public insurance, income redistribution, efficient and equitable taxation, retirement policies, privatization and quasi-markets, fiscal federalism, and the constraints on fiscal policies imposed by globalization. Part of the course is also devoted to how collective decisions are made and the challenges involved in a collective decision process.

The course provides an orientation on the history of Swedish music in contemporary culture. Social and historical contexts are of central importance in this course. Emphasis is placed on popular music traditions (music production and technology) from the twentieth century, such as jazz and rock. The course considers both Sweden's historical and recent musical contributions to a wealth of national and international genres and cultural trends.

The course provides practice in reading and understanding English texts, and the ability to express themselves orally and in writing in correct, polished English. Writing short texts of a general nature is practiced. Training in planning work and adapting to predetermined time frames is provided.

This course provides a sociological perspective on economic, social, and political processes, focusing especially on global social change and sustainable development. Students acquire the knowledge required to understand and critically examine the discussions pursued about the global social change that marks modernity, focusing especially on the post-war period. The course includes four modules, this is the first module: Classical and Modern Social Analysis. The first module addresses classical and modern sociological theory, as well as the economic, social, and political transformations in focus of classical sociology. Emphasis is placed on the processes leading up to the social transformations that are usually covered by the concept of modernity, such as the emergence of sovereign nation-states, capitalism, bureaucracies, rationalization, and increasing division/differentiation of labor in and between countries. Furthermore, the module utilizes the different theories of science positions originally developed in classical sociology but still marking the social sciences.

The course covers cryptology, web applications security, server security, client security, remote login, Email and spam, and DNS Security. A selection of the following topics is also included: E-cash overview: Blind signatures, blockchain technologies and digital monies, Bitcoin, Ethereum, smart contracts; Secure communication: TLS attacks; Database security: Inference, differential privacy; and anonymity: traffic analysis, Chaum's Mix, Tor.

Stochastic processes find applications in a wide variety of fields and offer a refined and powerful framework to examine and analyze time series. This course presents the basics for the treatment of stochastic signals and time series. Topics covered include models for stochastic dependence; concepts of description of stationary stochastic processes in the time domain including expectation, covariance, and cross-covariance functions; concepts of description of stationary stochastic processes in the frequency domain including effect spectrum and cross-spectrum; Gaussian process, Wiener process, white noise, and Gaussian fields in time and space; Stochastic processes in linear filters including relationships between in- and out-signals, autoregression and moving average (AR, MA, ARMA), and derivation and integration of stochastic processes; the basics in statistical signal processing, estimation of expectations, covariance function, and spectrum; and application of linear filters: frequency analysis and optimal filters.

This course provides the basic knowledge of different forms of international standards, how those standards are made and enforced, and how and why they have impacts on what countries do at home and abroad. It covers international rules governing issues such as human rights, trade, climate, and the use of force in resolving disputes between countries and how they affect the day-to-day lives of people and communities all over the world.

Time series analysis concerns the mathematical modeling of time-varying phenomena, e.g., ocean waves, water levels in lakes and rivers, demand for electrical power, radar signals, muscular reactions, ECG signals, or option prices at the stock market. The structure of the model is chosen both concerning the physical knowledge of the process, as well as using observed data. Central problems are the properties of different models and their prediction ability, estimation of the model parameters, and the model's ability to accurately describe the data. Consideration must be given to both the need for fast calculations and the presence of measurement errors. The course gives a comprehensive presentation of stochastic models and methods in time series analysis. Time series problems appear in many subjects and knowledge from the course is used in, i.e., automatic control, signal processing, and econometrics.