Maastricht University - Center for European Studies

In this course students learn about various aspects of group dynamics. The course discusses the ways in which individuals' actions, thoughts, and emotions are influenced by the groups they belong to and how group processes shape performance and decision making. Also considered are the quality of relations in and between groups that can have a tremendous impact on people and society. Lectures demonstrate and deepen the understanding of group phenomena. In tutorial meetings, students facilitate exercises that promote a deeper processing of the materials and improve group-analysis and group-management skills. Finally, students work together on a paper analyzing group behavior in a realistic setting of choice as well as their own group's development throughout the course. This should improve students' ability to understand and manage groups and their dynamics.

This course draws from a range of theoretical, clinical, and methodological approaches to explore several key topics: the origin of the drive to pursue and persevere; the theory behind decision-making and the control over our choices; the prospect and challenges of change; the part psychology plays in our habits, the choice of partners, in our professional careers; the origins of power, narcissism, altruism, grit, and risk-taking. The course analyzes and discusses both the scholarly ramifications of these ideas and also how to understand them in our lives and society more broadly. This course examines the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior and our choices. Through reading the text, books and articles, through lectures, discussions, class presentations, debates, case studies, multimedia, and a field trip, students study how psychology impacts most aspects of who they are and what choices they make. The prerequisite for this course is an introductory psychology course.

In this course, the clinical aspects of the various anxiety disorders are presented as well as knowledge of theories and models about the maintenance factors and their treatment implications. In the tasks, case histories of patients with anxiety disorders are arranged according to different focus points. The framework is built by the various anxiety disorders (specific phobia, social anxiety disorders, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder). Based on these different anxiety disorders three different theories concerning the etiology and maintenance factors of anxiety are studied 1) learning theory, 2) cognitive theory, and 3) biological models of anxiety. Treatment implications from these different theories are also studied.

This course discusses the cognitive (e.g., conditioning, skill learning, interference paradigms) and neurobiological (e.g., long-term potentiation and molecular neuroscience, brain anatomy, hippocampus) substrates of memories and how they can be changed, and discusses important research methods and behavioral paradigms to study memory manipulation. Further, it discusses how these principles and methods can be applied in fields of education, cognitive enhancement, and clinical therapy. There are no prerequisites, but a strong interest in research methods, cognitive science and/or neuroscience of memory is highly recommended.

This class introduces students to the system by which powerful countries in the world have related to each other over the past 400 years. This course provides an understanding of how major world powers have managed their relationships and competing interests while crafting a stable system that allows them to pursue their own goals.  Aspects of cooperation and competition as they manifest in military, economic, and cultural means are investigated to see how these fields have shaped the global order and how economics, technology, and culture have influenced the interaction.

This course studies emotion from different cognitive-social and biological perspectives and understands its role in guiding/motivating human behavior. The course starts with the classic theories of emotion and then continues with several relevant topics, including: cognitive and biological perspectives on causation of emotion and motivation; emotion regulation and self-determination; social-communicative functions of emotion expressions; the interaction between genes, stress, and affective-emotional behavior; the relation between sleep, emotion regulation, and affective behavior; topics related to emotion and motivational problems as seen in work stress or problems with goal setting.

This course gives a broad overview of biological foundations of behavior. The role of certain brain areas, neurotransmitters, and hormones on brain function are discussed. The course consists of nine topics; the first is an introductory topic regarding the link between brain and behavior. The following topics involve several types of specific behaviors ant their links to the brain anatomy. The topics are: gender development, emotion, memory, sleep, mental illnesses, addiction, hunger and thirst, and language. 

Apart from offering sensory feedback for object manipulation and movement, the somatosensory system also provides signals that are intrinsically rewarding or punishing. The behavioral drive to seek pleasure and to avoid pain is of crucial importance for survival and partly relies on the same neurochemical circuitry. This course discusses the neurobiological basis of aversive and pleasant somatosensory processing. Brain circuits involved in nociception and analgesia as well as theories and treatments of chronic pain are discussed.

This version of the Medical Ethics course includes an Independent Study Project (ISP) done under the direction of the instructor. The minimum reading is between 20 and 25 articles from established academic periodicals/magazines. The ISP is 10-12 pages and counts for 1/3 of the overall grade for the course. This course provides students with an introductory investigation into the question of if, when, and how ethical considerations can or must play a role in the practice of the medical profession. It makes students aware of the fact that the health sciences are not operating in a moral vacuum and that a good knowledge of both older and recent ethical debates in this particular field is of the greatest significance. This course consists of three parts. The first part of the course gives an introduction to some fundamental European philosophical ideas of what it means to be a human being. This introduction is accompanied by an introduction to the most important ethical theories of the West. The second part of the course discusses a general framework of medical ethics as it could play a guiding role in the day-to-day practice of those who are members of the medical profession or related areas. The third part of the course discusses some of the most important and well-known ethical problems that can be found within the medical field. There are lectures, discussions, and the study of cases that reflect the most important problems and topics that make up the moral challenges of the medical discipline of today. 

In the first week of the semester, students are confronted with the contrasts between the “European” approach to healthcare and public health and that of the United States (before and since the reforms of 2010). This comparative approach sets the stage for identifying what is common in European approaches to healthcare and the broader promotion of health. This sets the stage for the subsequent analyses of differences among European health systems (Health Systems Module) and for understanding broader European health strategies and the EU Health Strategy itself (Health Strategies Module). Additionally, students are stimulated to consider the complexity of change processes for health. The aim of the first module is to explore the harmonization of health systems and the impact of health care reforms in Europe with special attention given to health systems in transition and second, to analyze the European challenges of cross-border care and patient mobility given by the execution of the sanction of the European Union of the free movement of goods, individuals, services, capital and payments in terms of health. Students are introduced to the European institutions and the legal basis for the EU taking up health issues. This module focuses much more on national health systems and national health systems within the context of European policy and practice. The module introduces a system approach to health in Europe. It focuses on the European differences paying special attention to Eastern European countries with health systems in transition–a special focus is on Poland. Special attention is given to theory on the organization of health services, basic health economics, and the financing of health systems in order to enhance the ability to analyze health systems in a European perspective. Cross-border care is included as an emerging field of interest from patient's points of view as well as from decision maker's point of view. The module provides the students an opportunity to analyze regional cross-border projects in order to create awareness of these challenges facing Europe now and in the near future. Organizational theory as well as theory on networking are presented as tools to analyze cross-border care and health systems in transition. Health care systems can be positioned in different domains of society, namely as systems that contribute to the dynamics of the state and the market or to the dynamics of daily life and social participation of citizens. So constructed, each system offers its own internal dynamics with distinct functions and operations which might be at conflict with the functions and operations being distinct for related systems. The interconnection of this system interplay is addressed, showing how various systems claim they operate in the interest of the citizen, yet displaying differential effects on autonomy, choice and good life of citizens. Thus, the notion of transition (or related concepts such as progress and innovation) can be identified as a social arena, in which different notions of justice and injustice in public health practices are emerging, struggling and conflicting with each other. In the Skills Training module, students are trained in bargaining and negotiating skills, and they are introduced to writing their first drafts of a curriculum vitae and a cover letter. In workshops, students learn the basics of distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation. In the six workshops students are offered practical experiences and theoretical information about the most important components involved in a negotiation process. The examples and practical exercises are based on public health professional context. In this course, one plenary lecture and six workshops around the skill of negotiation are offered. The module covers such topics as: the interdependence between the negotiators, the possibilities to claim value but also to create value for all parties involved, strategies and tactics of distributive negotiation (often distributed negotiation is also called bargaining) as well as integrative negotiation, planning and chairing negotiations, negotiating in situations in which multiple parties are involved, parties which could have a very different cultural background.