History

Berlin and Warsaw were two central theaters of the Holocaust. While in Berlin the Nazis planned the global murder of the Jews and attempted to transform the city into the capital of Nazi Europe, it was in Warsaw that they created Europe’s biggest ghetto, in which 100,000 Jews died before the first deportations to the Treblinka death camp in July 1942. In this seminar, the course studies and compares how the Jews were persecuted and murdered in Berlin and Warsaw; who helped them, how and why; and how the local population reacted to their persecution. In studying the Holocaust in both cities, students concentrate on the general frameworks for understanding the Holocaust, the plans of the perpetrators, the behavior of the collaborators, and the fate of particular actors, especially survivors, while analyzing their diaries, memoirs, and interviews. In this seminar, students read theoretical texts about the Holocaust and discuss the urban aspect of the genocide, while concentrating on persecution, murder and help. The course includes visits to museums and memorial sites in Berlin.

This course explores the multiple histories of humanitarianism and their resonances with current humanitarian discourses and practices. It will introduce students to the complex past of humanitarian aid in its European and non-European forms, from charities to international non-governmental organisations. Students will reflect on the usefulness of history for the humanitarian sector.

The course focuses on the Scandinavian colonial expansion from 1600 to the early 20th century. Based on a number of case studies (e.g. resource colonialism in Sápmi and Greenland, plantations in the Danish West Indies, trade and consumption of colonial products), the course examines colonial discourses and practice and notice relationships between colonialism and resources/environment, economics, power, resistance and science and colonial inheritance. The course also explores the different cultural processes, such as creolisation, othering and ambivalence that takes place in colonial environments and manifests itself in material culture. The course introduces theoretical procedures for historical-archaeological studies of colonialism and presents different sources, methods and perspectives and central research questions.

After providing a comprehensive overview of Korean history from ancient times to the modern era, this course focuses on the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) and examines its historical characteristics in terms of politics, society, and economy. Building on this understanding, the course seeks to gain insight into Korea’s traditional culture and society within East Asia, as well as the challenges of modernization. 

This course explores a series of interconnecting developments which placed cities at the center of power and innovation in the medieval world in the period c.1000 to c.1500. A process so transformative the cities can be conceptualized as revolutionary. Students explore how power was constructed within cities. In addition, students examine competing concepts of the city as an embodiment of sin or of holiness. Alongside this, students question how wealth was generated within cities and how some of the consequences of a profit economy and rising population were managed through welfare provision and charitable activity. Central to the course is the importance of landscape, and how monuments, topography, and rural hinterlands shaped urban socio-religious and political communities. Finally, students assess how learning (especially the rise of universities) and history-writing enabled cities to position themselves as centers of knowledge, memory, and identities.

This course focuses on the intersection of culture and national identity in Russian and Soviet history. Students examine Russia’s relationship with its ‘others’ – East and West – and their role in the construction of Russia’s discourses around culture and nationhood. Students also explore the role of empire in Russian and Soviet history, analyzing how Russian writers, artists, and intellectuals have questioned, endorsed or contested it. Through the analysis of literary and visual primary sources, the course provides students with a better understanding of Russia’s conflicted identity and its consequences for the present day. 

This course provides a detailed, vivid introduction to the origin and distinctive artistic features of Chinese traditional culture, namely, the culture of RITES and MUSIC. Arranged in fifteen lectures, the course will first trace the culture foundation imbedded in archeological artifacts (bronzeware, musical instruments, etc.) as well as in Confucian canons. The course will then dive into three perfections of traditional Chinese arts (calligraphy, painting, and poetry) to analyze those “suggestive but not articulate” features in specific artworks. It will also explain the philosophical ideas, aesthetic interests and humanistic values of Chinese culture.

The course explains the major steps that have shaped the world economy to its present configuration. The topics covered include the diversity of pre-modern economies, the impact of colonialism, the birth of the modern economy in Europe, the varieties of forms of enterprise and of national approaches to the governance of the economy and the role of international crises. At the end of the course, the student has a better knowledge of the major economic challenges to be faced today.

The course content includes:

1. The pre-industrial economy and the preparation of the "great divergence" of Europe. The role of institutions.
2. The British Industrial Revolution and the process of imitation
3. The second Industrial Revolution, the rise of USA and the creation of an international economy
4. World War I and its effects
5. The first major world crisis starting in 1929 and its economic and political impact to WWII
6. The birth of a new international economic order, the golden age and the process of European economic integration
7. The third industrial revolution and the return of instability: globalization, financialization, the demise of Soviet Union and its legacy
8. New protagonists of the "great convergence": the developing world, the rise of Asia
9. A polycrisis world: the 2008 financial crisis, the Covid19 pandemic, wars.
10. The present day challenges: the fourth industrial revolution, AI, the environment. How not to destroy humanity

This course is part of the Laurea Magistrale degree program and is intended for advanced level students. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. The program deals with the history of the Ottoman Empire with an emphasis on its geography, frontiers, and relations based on certain units/themes of study. The program follows a chronological approach and a thematic division of topics. The themes are chosen to elaborate on watershed moments in the history of the Empire, and to reflect on the Empire’s role in global events.

After completing the course, students have a detailed historical knowledge of the main cultural, social, and political transformations that took place in the Islamic world and in the Middle East from the 13th century to the contemporary era. They have analytical skills and are familiar with the theoretical, methodological and technical tools of the historical-religious disciplines and the social sciences for the study of relations between confessions and religions in the context of the Ottoman Empire, with attention to the socio-political implications of the interaction among groups. They are able to evaluate religious phenomena and dynamics in local and global socio-cultural contexts, to identify socio-cultural matrix of religions, as well as connections, developments, persistences, and transformations of religious phenomena in complex societies such as those of the Ottoman Empire and to address and solve issues related to the management of religious pluralism. They apply investigative methodologies to critically engage with primary and secondary sources useful for exploring the significance of the Ottoman Empire for world history. They are able to communicate in written and oral form using the different models and registers of communication of the historical disciplines and to give form, including project design, to the results of research, supporting with complete evidence the information on which they base their conclusions and accounting for the methodologies used. They know how to communicate, edit and publish research results including digital data.

This course provides basic knowledge of the culture of the Viking Age, such as it is presented in contemporary sources and in interpretations and applications from the past two centuries with a special focus on how this culture has gained considerable importance then and in modern times, in the Viking homelands, and the surrounding world. The course provides skills in interpreting, understanding and discussing certain contemporary sources both written (Old Norse literature, rune inscriptions, chronicles) and archaeological, and to analyze the nature of Viking culture's depiction in high and popular culture in fiction, film, media, monuments and cultural-political contexts with a certain emphasis on its relationship with the romantic tradition. The course highlights how the modern spread of Viking culture has been marked by academic and political disagreements.