France

Through examples of natural resources (minerals, oil, water, and rare earths) this course assesses the current situation of these resources at the quantitative level. It demonstrates various and often competing uses of these resources by our societies, and the current quantitative and qualitative problems in different regions of the world. The course investigates the tensions (past, present, future) that exist around these resources due to their distribution in relation to need, and sometimes due to their scarcity. It highlights the complexity of managing these resources, as will the complexity of the solutions to be implemented.

This course is the tutorial for FR 126. It is a study of poetry with an emphasis on poetic structures and their evolution to strengthen skills in line-by-line textual analysis. The course focuses on sonnets and studies the authors Louise Losé and Rimbaud.

This course introduces the international regime of refugee protection and acquaints students with its origins and historical development. It provides an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. The course highlights limitations of international refugee law, drawing on international human rights law and international humanitarian law as complementary bodies of law. It explores the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and sheds light on contemporary challenges to refugee protection.

This course examines the distribution of land and people across Latin America in the context of the continent's natural geography. It explores the impact of the location of major cities, industrialization, urbanization, rural development, social inequality, and globalization. The course pays special attention to the possibility of the diplomatic and economic integration of the Latin American world. Methodologies are interdisciplinary, with concepts and techniques drawn from sociology, geography, anthropology, and history.