Celtic Studies

This course examines the emergence of the Celts in the earliest historical record. Students learn to outline the history of the Celtic peoples from the earliest evidence; describe the impact on early European history of the migration of Celtic speaking peoples; discuss how the Celts were viewed by Classical authors; and to show an understanding of the diverse range of sources for the period including archaeological, historical, and linguistic.

The course provides an introduction to selected genres of Celtic literature from the early modern and modern periods, and an understanding of the social and historical background that gave rise to the texts studied. Two strands make up the course, one dealing with the Scottish Gaelic tradition and the other looking at Early Modern and Modern Irish literature. English translations are used throughout the course, and no knowledge of the original Celtic languages is required. The course is aimed at students who have successfully completed Celtic Civilization 1A and 1B, as well as Heroes, Wonders, Saints and Sagas: Medieval Celtic Literature in Translation, but it is also open to anyone who has taken a course in a literary or historical or similar subject at university level and wishes to explore the Celtic tradition. The course does not provide a comprehensive survey of the two literatures studied, but rather to examine in greater depth certain periods or themes or genres which are characteristic of the tradition, which offer cross-cultural comparisons within the Celtic world, and which are amenable to study through translation. For history students, the course offers insight into the nature and working of the two literary traditions; for literature students, enhanced understanding of the social and political background to the selected parts of Scottish Gaelic and Early Modern and Modern Irish literature; for students of Celtic Studies, the opportunity to range widely in the early modern and modern fields.

The Celtic languages remain the media of communication to a greater or lesser extent in communities scattered on the western fringe of 21st-century Europe, in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Brittany. These are the survivors of a history traceable over two and a half thousand years encompassing, at one time, nearly the whole of western Europe and much of central and eastern Europe. The modern Celtic languages interact in various ways with the societies in which they are embedded, the official and unofficial institutions of those societies (government, legislation, industry, etc.), and with the wider cultures of the countries where they are used. This course introduces students to the study of the Celtic languages in these contexts and the sociolinguistics of the Celtic languages, and considers the ways in which they are endangered as languages of the lives and thoughts of the people who use them. Students also examine ways in which their existence and status can be strengthened and expanded, through language planning, looking also at the cases of Cornish in Cornwall and Manx in the Isle of Man, where, though technically dead languages, vigorous revival movements work to prove that news of their demise was premature.

This course introduces students to the earliest evidence for the Celts, in archaeology, language and history, to show the extent and depth of Celtic cultural roots in ancient Europe, extending backwards to about 6000 BCE. The course then covers the history of the Celtic people and regions in early medieval times, including the coming of Christianity and the interactions with the Vikings, up till about AD 1000.

This course explores Irish Theater since 1964. Some of the texts studied include Brian Friel's PHILADELPHIA HERE I COME, Enda Walsh's THE WALWORTH FARCE, FREEFALL by Michael West, and David Ireland's CYPRUS AVENUE. A new play is studied at each week's lecture.

This course examines some of the cultural consequences of the coming of Christianity to medieval Ireland, especially in the area of reading and writing. Topics include the early history of Christianity in Ireland, the earliest writings from the Celtic-speaking world, religious literature in Irish and Latin, the contribution of the Irish to Christianity and learning abroad, and the impact of Christianity and the new learning on Irish vernacular culture.

This course is for students who have not previously studied Irish and students who have no knowledge of the Irish language or know only a few words and phrases. It is an introduction to the Irish language in which students are required to participate actively in the classroom and devote time to autonomous learning. Emphasis is placed on developing the four language skills.