University of Bordeaux

This course introduces past and present-day economic phenomena. Its scope consists in an examination and analysis of the successive stages of development of market capitalism and its variants. After a discussion of the terms used to describe an economic “system,” the enquiry proceeds by examining “primitive” or incomplete prototypes of capitalist enterprise as well as the mercantilist “system” in the preindustrial era. The emergence of industrial capitalism, the first wave of globalization, the emergence of financial capitalism and the attendant slumps as well as the regulations introduced by political authorities provide matter for discussion in the following chapters. All along this journey the connection between the diffusion of market mechanisms and political dynamics is underscored.

Based on the study of selected marine ecosystems, this course analyzes the environmental forcing variables and constraints that shape them, in order to explain the different factors structuring biological communities and to situate biology within the broader field of oceanography. A field course at a marine station illustrates several of these concepts, such as adaptations to aquatic life and the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and biodiversity. The field component includes embarkation aboard Planula 4, an INSU–CNRS research vessel (FOF).

This course explores the major areas of molecular neurobiology, from genes to the functions of cells of the nervous system. Material provides an essential theoretical framework in molecular neurobiology as well as practical approaches on cell culture and regulation of gene expression. It focuses on major concepts and recent advances in experimental molecular neuroscience.

This course introduces the influence of digital technologies on society, with a particular focus on the interplay between technology, disinformation, and society during political campaigns. As digital technologies continue to shape the political landscape, the spread of disinformation poses significant challenges to democracies worldwide. The course explores the mechanisms and impacts of false information dissemination on social media platforms, examining the sophisticated techniques employed to create and spread disinformation. A key focus is on disinformation related to elections, analyzing recent political campaigns to understand the strategies behind these efforts. The course also investigates the dual role of artificial intelligence in both generating and combating multimodal disinformation, including text, image, video, and audio. It discusses the ethical, fairness, and transparency concerns that arise from the use of Al in this context and explores strategies for identifying and neutralizing false information at scale. By engaging with these topics, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the societal, political, and economic implications of disinformation in the digital age, equipping them with the critical skills necessary to navigate an increasingly complex digital era.

This course offers a description of a system to make a link between the microscopic properties of the particles in the system and its macroscopic behavior at equilibrium. It is based on the idea that the macroscopic state of the system is realized as the average over a large number of independent microscopic states. This demonstrates the basis of these statistical principles and their applications to various problems in physics, chemistry, and material science as statistical thermodynamics bridges many disciplines as it makes the link between the physical description of a given particle and the behavior of a statistical ensemble of those particles. 

This course provides a solid foundation in essential mathematical concepts for students in economics and management. It ensures a consistent level of mathematical proficiency to prepare for further study of advanced quantitative techniques. The course covers linear functions, absolute values, square roots and inverses, second-degree polynomials, and derivatives.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental functions of analog, digital, and mixed-signal electronics. It emphasizes the modular design of electronic systems and the role of basic functional blocks in modern applications. Topics include digital functions such as counters, registers, and multiplexers; analog functions such as integration, addition, subtraction, and modulation; and mixed functions including multiplexing, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital-to-analog conversion. It also studies functional and timing diagrams, as well as spectral concepts such as sampling and frequency multiplexing. Practical applications are explored in the context of measurement systems and sound transmission technologies, with a particular focus on telecommunications and mobile devices.

This course focuses on grammar, including analysis of sentence structure, pronouns, agreement, tenses, and modes; spelling, covering basic vocabulary and grammar through dictation; and written expression, written production, grammar spelling, vocabulary, and verbs.

This course introduces the issues surrounding water in terms of management, sustainable development, and resource protection. Lectures, tutorials, and practical work are taught in various fields: hydrology, hydrogeology, mass transfer, and drilling. The water cycle is analyzed in detail through its different processes and associated mechanisms, with the goal of establishing hydrological and material budgets for the study of watersheds. A case‑study project is carried out during the semester, allowing students to put theory into practice and to develop an initial methodological and scientific approach in preparation for a future professional or research career. In hydrogeology, the basic principles are taught regarding flows, aquifers, and associated groundwater bodies.

This course introduces the quantitative treatment of marine and oceanographic data, with a focus on selecting, implementing, and interpreting numerical analyses suited to common oceanographic sampling strategies and experimental designs. It also covers the essential principles and techniques of signal processing as applied to marine environmental datasets, enabling them to analyze, filter, and interpret complex oceanographic signals.